Performance improvement by novel activation process effect of aqueous organic redox flow battery using Tiron and anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid redox couple

Permatasari, Agnesia; Lee, Wonmi; Kwon, Yongchai

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123085

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Here, 0.7 M AQDS and 3.5 M HI correspond to their possibly maximum soluble amount to HClO 4 supporting electrolyte. 41 According to Figure 7A, the symmetric ARFB was stably operated up to 100 cycles with a high discharge capacity of 26.6 Ah L À1 . Once the concentration of AQDS became more than 0.7 M, the performance of symmetric ARFB rapidly decreased due to the high viscosity of the mixture solution consisting of AQDS and HI.…”

Section: Asymmetric Arfbs Using Hi and Aqds As Redox Couplementioning

confidence: 96%

Symmetric aqueous redox flow battery using hydroiodic acid and anthraquinone‐2, 7‐disulfonic acid as redox couple

Permatasari

Lee

Kwon

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Iodide and triiodide ions (I− and I3− ions) are interesting active redox materials for aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) due to high solubility in various supporting electrolytes. However, under alkaline and neutral electrolytes, the redox reaction of I− and I3− ions is unstable due to undesirable potassium iodate produced during the reaction, whereas the reaction is stably operated under an acidic electrolyte state. As a redox couple, anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonic acid (AQDS) is considered due to excellent stability and high solubility, and perchloric acid is determined as an electrolyte because this suppresses another undesirable water‐splitting reaction. For providing abundant I− and I3− ions, hydroiodic acid (HI) is used because hydrogen ions contained in HI can act as a proton donor, increasing the conductivity in the solution leading to better kinetics of the redox reaction of I− and I3−. When asymmetric ARFB using this redox couple is operated, gradual decay in both capacity and efficiencies is observed. This is due to the crossover of I− ions to the AQDS side. To overcome the problem, symmetric ARFB using the mixture of HI and AQDS in both electrolytes is adopted, and with that, the crossover issue is solved because the ionic balance of electrolyte is well maintained by the use of symmetric electrolyte, while its energy efficiency and discharging capacity are excellent as 67.6% and 26.6 Ah L−1, respectively, with capacity retention of 99.99% for 100 cycles.

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Section: Asymmetric Arfbs Using Hi and Aqds As Redox Couplementioning

confidence: 96%

Symmetric aqueous redox flow battery using hydroiodic acid and anthraquinone‐2, 7‐disulfonic acid as redox couple

Permatasari

Lee

Kwon

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…However, the above two studies are related to vanadium active material, which is harmful to the environment and expensive ($140/kWh in 2017) and possesses a narrow available temperature range (10 C-40 C). 23,24 By these negative parameters, the cost of balance of plant (BOP) of VRFB increases considerably. Due to the reasons, it is interesting to evaluate the effects of N and O doped CF fabricated by plasma treatment (N 2 plasmatreated CF and O 2 plasma-treated CF) on the performance of QRFBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of plasma treated carbon felt on the performance of aqueous quinone‐based redox flow batteries

Permatasari

Shin

Lee

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (Tiron) and anthraquinone-2,-7-disulfonic acid (AQDS) are interesting redox couples for aqueous quinonebased redox flow batteries (QRFBs) because of their high solubility and good reaction reversibility in acidic condition. Tiron is rate-determining material due to its slow reaction kinetics. To improve that, Tiron is transformed into 2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (TironA), which is effectively formed during the first cycle of QRFB. Once TironA is formed, a desirable two-electron redox reaction with stable and reproducible charge and discharge step of QRFB occurs, although the electron transfer of TironA is still lower than that of AQDS. To further facilitate that of TironA, oxygen (O 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) plasma-treated carbon felt (CF) electrodes are suggested. Oxygen functional groups formed onto CF by O 2 plasma become the active sites for redox reaction of TironA. As the amount of oxygen functional groups formed increases, the redox reactivity of TironA is enhanced. In contrast, when N 2 plasma is used, pyrrolic N and quaternary N are mainly formed. With the formation, (i) hydrogen atoms within pyrrolic N act as proton donor and interact with oxygen groups of TironA and (ii) nitrogen cations within quaternary N interact with the negatively charged atoms of TironA by electrostatic interaction. Thus, both reaction kinetic of TironA and performance of QRFB increase.Regarding the performance of QRFB using N 2 plasma-treated CF, its energy efficiency (EE), discharging capacity, and state of charge are 62%, 17.3 AhrÁL À1 and 64.5% for 50 cycle, which correspond to excellent achievements.

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“…Of the ORFBs, aqueous ORFBs (AORFBs) are promising 38‐53 . They can be divided into three groups depending on the pH of the supporting electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First is acidic AORFBs. These show a high ionic conductivity because there are a lot of proton ions in the acidic supporting electrolyte 38‐41 . For example, the quinones, such as anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonicacid and 1,2‐dihydroxybenzoquinone‐3,5‐disulfonic acid, were introduced as active materials for AORFBs with sulfuric acid 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High power density near‐neutral pH aqueous redox flow batteries using zinc chloride and 4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonate as redox couple with polyethylene glycol additive

2021

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Summary Redox flow batteries (RFBs) using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and 4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonate (Tiron) redox couple is introduced. ZnCl2 and Tiron are used as negative and positive active materials, which are dissolved in near‐neutral pH, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) supporting electrolyte. Cell voltage of RFB using ZnCl2 and Tiron is extremely high as 1.8 V, while two cellulose spacers are introduced to prevent the growth of zinc dendrite on the membrane. When the performances of RFBs using ZnCl2 and Tiron are measured, their charge efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), and energy efficiency (EE) are 95, 79, and 75% at 40 mA cm−2, whereas their capacity fading rate is high as 0.12 Ah L−1 per cycle. This is due to the zinc dendrite formed on the electrode of RFB that is attributed to the aggregation of zinc ions. To suppress the aggregation and to preserve active sites for the redox reaction of zinc ions during cycling, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive is suggested. Regarding the optimization of PEG, 5000 ppm PEG induces both high efficiencies (97, 81, and 79% of CE, VE, and EE at 40 mA cm−2) and low capacity loss rate (0.03 Ah L−1 per cycle), which are more enhanced performances than those of RFBs operated without PEG. In terms of power density of RFB using ZnCl2 and Tiron, high power density of 144 mW cm−2 is achieved under 120 mA cm−2, which is far better performance than that of other RFBs operated under near‐neutral pH electrolyte.

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Performance improvement by novel activation process effect of aqueous organic redox flow battery using Tiron and anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid redox couple

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Symmetric aqueous redox flow battery using hydroiodic acid and anthraquinone‐2, 7‐disulfonic acid as redox couple

Symmetric aqueous redox flow battery using hydroiodic acid and anthraquinone‐2, 7‐disulfonic acid as redox couple

The effect of plasma treated carbon felt on the performance of aqueous quinone‐based redox flow batteries

High power density near‐neutral pH aqueous redox flow batteries using zinc chloride and 4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonate as redox couple with polyethylene glycol additive

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