Performance exploration and microbial dynamics of urine diverting composting toilets in rural China

Li, Jiabin; Li, Xue; Li, Luyao; Zhu, Changliang; Luo, Liangguo; Qi, Yuanyi; Lan, Tian; Chen, Zhuobo; Jin, Qi; Geng, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115964

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…According to statistics, the N and P contents in toilet wastewater account for 86.3% and 80.5%, respectively, of the total pollutants in rural residential wastewater. Additionally, the per capita discharge coefficient of dry toilets is significantly lower than that of flush toilets 39 . Therefore, we distinguish between different types of toilets in our analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

High resolution spatiotemporal modeling of long term anthropogenic nutrient discharge in China

Zhang,

Sun,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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High-resolution integration of large-scale and long-term anthropogenic nutrient discharge data is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of pollution and identifying intervention points for pollution mitigation. Here, we establish the MEANS-ST1.0 dataset, which has a high spatiotemporal resolution and encompasses anthropogenic nutrient discharge data collected in China from 1980 to 2020. The dataset includes five components, namely, urban residential, rural residential, industrial, crop farming, and livestock farming, with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of monthly. The data are available in three formats, namely, GeoTIFF, NetCDF and Excel, catering to GIS users, researchers and policymakers in various application scenarios, such as visualization and modelling. Additionally, rigorous quality control was performed on the dataset, and its reliability was confirmed through cross-scale validation and literature comparisons at the national and regional levels. These data offer valuable insights for further modelling the interactions between humans and the environment and the construction of a digital Earth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

High resolution spatiotemporal modeling of long term anthropogenic nutrient discharge in China

Zhang,

Sun,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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“…Currently, the concept of a toilet revolution is being proposed in China, which aims to provide a sanitary and comfortable space for users and prevent human excreta from polluting the environment [5][6][7]. The renovation and design of public toilets became a topic [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality Improvement in Public Toilets at Railway Stations in China: A Field and Numerical Study

Qian

Zhao

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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This study investigated the air quality and ventilation systems of 22 public toilets in 10 railway stations in China. Approximately 80% of public toilets meet the standard for ammonia concentration in Class I toilets, while 20% exceed the standard. It was found that the concentration of pollutants is mainly related to the number of toilet users and the ventilation system. In 20% of public toilets, the change in ammonia concentration was delayed by about 1 to 2 h with the change in hourly service number. In order to improve the air quality, a design method for calculating the number of toilet cubicles was proposed. Results show that the service capacity of the cubicle per hour (SCCH) of a female toilet is 12, the SCCH of male toilets is related to the ratio of squatting pans to urinals (RSU), which is suggested to be 1:1~1:0.8, and the corresponding SCCH is 16~20. Then, the effect of different ventilation forms was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 2019 software. The results show that the bottom exhaust was better than the top exhaust and that the fresh air supply system is unnecessary. The recommended ventilation rate for toilets is 20 air changes per hour (ACH). The scale design method of toilets proposed in this paper was meant to address the gender imbalance and avoid queuing and provides a reference for the renovation and design of public toilets.

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Co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate accumulating bacteria in phosphorus-enriched composting regulates phosphorus transformation by facilitating polyphosphate formation

Zhan,

Xu,

Hou

et al. 2023

Bioresource Technology

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Performance exploration and microbial dynamics of urine diverting composting toilets in rural China

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

High resolution spatiotemporal modeling of long term anthropogenic nutrient discharge in China

High resolution spatiotemporal modeling of long term anthropogenic nutrient discharge in China

Indoor Air Quality Improvement in Public Toilets at Railway Stations in China: A Field and Numerical Study

Co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate accumulating bacteria in phosphorus-enriched composting regulates phosphorus transformation by facilitating polyphosphate formation

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