Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Evaluation of 114 Measures

Bittner, Alvah C.; Carter, Rob; Kennedy, Robert S.; Harbeson, Mary M.; Krause, Michele

doi:10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.683

Cited by 78 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…These repeated measurements must be meaningful, and easily and clearly interpretable (8). A number of test batteries exist that have been successfully used by various researchers.…”

Section: Tyrosine or Placebo Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cd. state that code substitution "is a mixed associative memoryperceptual speed task which provides for a traditional assessment" (8). Code substitution is a test of mental functioning and has been used repeatedly over the years as a method of testing intellectual speed and power (74).…”

Section: Code Substitution Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each subject was given 100 mg/kg of body weight of tyrosine (L-Tyrosine, Jo it is useful to measure human performance capabilities repeatedly (8). These repeated measurements must be meaningful, and easily and clearly interpretable (8).…”

Section: Tyrosine or Placebo Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental tyrosine and vigilance performance in a normoxic hypobaric environment

Maresh¹

2001

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The public re(jortii.g burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection o; rnfo'rnation. including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Exposure to stress results in a decrease in mental performance resulting from a depletion of catecholamines. This decrease can result in an increase in error rates, decreased decision making ability, mental confusion, and an overall decrease in cognitive performance. Previous studies have shown that supplemental tyrosine prevents the normal decrease due to stress.Tyrosine works by increasing the catecholamine precursor.Nine subjects were exposed to a 3-hour protocol for 4 different exposures. During each exposure, the following Stressors were used: 1) hypobaric environment (for two of the four exposures); 2) immobilization; 3) prolonged inactivity; 4) behavioral and psychophysiological testing; 5) cool temperatures and low humidity; and 6) 71 dB(A) chamber environment. Subjects completed computerized vigilance and cognitive tests and a mood questionnaire, each separated by a period of inactivity. Prior to exposure, subjects ingested either 100 mg/kg body weight of a placebo or tyrosine.Supplemental tyrosine improved response time in all of the tests where it was recorded, with all except one being significant. Motor function and overall mood also significantly improved with the use of tyrosine. As expected, no measurement showed a significant improvement in performance with supplemental oxygen alone. The use of supplemental tyrosine did not significantly improve cognitive performance. Results of the contrast sensitivity taskswere not as conclusive and no improvement was found in visual temporal acuity. and physical performance. The less control the individual has over these stresses, the greater the decrement. The decrease in performance, particularly mental performance, results from a depletion of catecholamines within the brain. This decrease, especially in norepinephrine, leads to alterations in normal brain function and an increase in error rates, decreased decision making ability, mental confusion, and an overall decrease in cognitive performance. All of these are compounded the longer the individual is unable to remove the stress. Previous studies involving rats and humans have shown that supplemental tyrosine (levels above normal dietary intake) prevent the normal decrease in performance in stressed individuals. Tyrosine, the initial precursor in catecholamine synthesis, works by increasing the availability of the precursor and thereby slowing the rate of norepinephrine depletion.Nine healthy subjects from the Colorado State University community were exposed to a 3-hour protocol that w...

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“…These repeated measurements must be meaningful, and easily and clearly interpretable (8). A number of test batteries exist that have been successfully used by various researchers.…”

Section: Tyrosine or Placebo Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Code Substitution Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental tyrosine and vigilance performance in a normoxic hypobaric environment

Maresh¹

2001

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Tests offering high stability were selected for computer implementation and the reliabilities of the computer-based versions were verified (Bittner, Carter, Kennedy, Harbeson, and Krause, 1986). Merkle, Kennedy, Smith, and Johnson (1985) and Kennedy, Dunlap and Kuntz (1989) provide reviews of various studies using the APTS to assess behavioral effects of stressors including drugs used to treat motion sickness, alcohol (Kennedy, Wilkes, and Rugotzke, 1989), altitude (Kennedy, Dunlap, and Kuntz, 1989), and chemoradiotherapy related to bone marrow transplantation (Parth, Dunlap, Kennedy, Lane, and Ordy, 1989).…”

Section: Automated Portable Test System (Apts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Readiness to Perform testing: A critical analysis of the concept and current practices.

Gilliland¹,

Schlegel²

1993

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“…Currently, the only publication available describing the time to stability for a variety of tests is Bittner et al (6), This report summarizes several years of work on the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) project.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Considerations in the Design of a Computerized Human Information Processing Battery.

Damos¹

1987

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Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Evaluation of 114 Measures

Cited by 78 publications

References 68 publications

Supplemental tyrosine and vigilance performance in a normoxic hypobaric environment

Supplemental tyrosine and vigilance performance in a normoxic hypobaric environment

Readiness to Perform testing: A critical analysis of the concept and current practices.

Some Considerations in the Design of a Computerized Human Information Processing Battery.

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