Performance evaluation of wireless networked control system via IEEE 802.15.4 with time-triggered CSMA/CA algorithm

Abstract

This paper focuses on performance evaluation of wireless networked control system (NCS) via IEEE 802.15.4 with time-triggered contention-based carrier sensing multiple access with collision (CSMA/CA) algorithm to satisfy the industrial quality-of-service (QoS). Although the IEEE 802.15.4 is considered to a promising protocol for wireless NCS, its performance is not stable and its delay is not bounded under heavy traffic because its medium access control (MAC) is based on the contention-based CSMA/CA scheme. As an alternative approach to avoid these limitations, this paper presents a time-triggered CSMA/CA algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 non-beacon mode that relies on a time division multiplexing access (TDMA) method. The time-triggered CSMA/CA algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 non-beacon mode was implemented an experimental wireless NCS, and its control performance was compared with conventional CSMA/CA algorithm. Based on the experimental results, the time-triggered CSMA/CA algorithm is a feasible alternative for wireless NCS.

TDMA based IEEE 802.15.4 for low latency deterministic networked control systems

“…With TDMA approach for data exchange, the collision can be eliminated completely. So variation in transmission time due to CSMA/CA algorithm can be eliminated by making initial backoff time inactive [15].…”

“…It seems more appropriate to send the next fresh packet instead of retransmitting the old packet as the information vanishes quickly with time. If the received packet has an error, the receiving node simply ignores it and may use some prediction algorithm based upon plant model or it may wait for the next packet [15] [17].…”

“…15.4, has emerged as an effective wireless connection between the sensor and the actuator devices. In industrial automation, it has also been used with modifications by other protocols such as WirelessHART and ISA100 [7] [10].…”

“…A number of experiments were performed using Texas Instrument's SoC CC2530 based SmartRF04EB boards to evaluate its performance. Only a little work on this exact topic has been done before and concept of time triggered CSMA/CA has been introduced [15]. Our work is more comprehensive as compared to [15] for we consider the randomness in data frame transmission time due to firmware too.…”

“…Only a little work on this exact topic has been done before and concept of time triggered CSMA/CA has been introduced [15]. Our work is more comprehensive as compared to [15] for we consider the randomness in data frame transmission time due to firmware too. The contribution of this work is that it provides a technique to reduce the minimum possible superframe time of IEEE 802.15.4, when used in beacon-enabled mode, from 15.36 ms to less than 10 ms with same number of GTS accommodated as desired in low latency systems.…”