Performance evaluation of underwater optical communications using spatial modes subjected to bubbles and obstructions

Zhao, Yifan; Wang, Andong; Zhu, Long; Lv, Weichao; Xu, Jing; Li, Shuhui; Wang, Jian

doi:10.1364/ol.42.004699

Cited by 73 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Under a weak oceanic turbulence regime, Wang et al derived analytical formulas for the channel capacity and symbol error rate (SER) for OAM channels [239]. In Table IV, we summarizes the main experimental studies investigating the impact of underwater conditions on OAM modes covering mainly scattering, thermally induced turbulence, water turbidity and air-bubbles [135], [241], [243]- [245]. We note that the ranges of all the presented investigations from the literature are limited, which is not consistent with real-life applications requiring propagation distances up to tens of meters.…”

Section: Underwater Propagation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome the effect of bubbles, it is possible to use Bessel Gaussian modes, instead of OAM LG modes, since they can self-heal while being obstructed during propagation. This may enhance the performance of the UWOC, as shown in [245]. The underwater turbulence mitigation techniques are still limited in comparison with free space; this may be partially explained by the novelty of the UWOC.…”

Section: E Underwater Turbulence Effects Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

Trichili

Park

Zghal

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

184

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Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication systems has been recently suggested as a versatile technique to address future bandwidth issues. We review the potentials of harnessing the space as an additional degree of freedom for communication applications including free space optics, optical fiber installation, underwater wireless optical links, on-chip interconnects, data center indoor connections, radio frequency and acoustic communications. We focus on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and equally identify the challenges related to each of the applications of spatial modes and the particular OAM modes in communication. We further discuss the perspectives of this emerging technology. Finally, we provide the open research directions and we discuss the practical deployment of OAM communication links for different applications. ). 4 in the future. We also summarize the open problems and the future research directions. A discussion of the practicability and cost of multi-OAM communication is also included. II. OAM POTENTIALS A. Free Space Optical CommunicationFSO is a license free wireless communication configuration that has recently received much interest for a variety of applications. FSO is an attractive solution for last mile connectivity problems, particularly for communication networks, when the installation of fiber optics is costly or not possible [66]. FSO can be also used to establish inter-building secure communication, and can be deployed as a backup to optical fibers. Wireless optical communication can guarantee a line-of-sight (LoS) high bit rate wireless transmission over long distances, up to several kilometers. Furthermore, FSO communication is considered as a promising technique to scale down bandwidth challenges in future 5G networks [67].Multiple wavelength FSO provides better transmission, as demonstrated in [68], [69]. Data can be mapped on advanced modulation formats to achieve high bit rates and high spectral efficiency levels [70]- [72]. Another option is multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) FSO communication in which multiple lasers are positioned to transmit Gaussian beams to multiple receiving apertures [73]. Over the last few years, it has been proven that it is possible to transmit information over spatially structured light beams [21], [74], [75] including OAM beams and plane waves. Our focus is on the OAM modes of light.The first PoC communication experiment incorporating OAMs in free space was carried out in 2004 by Gibson and co-workers [21]. Over a 15-meter long link, 8 -spaced values were chosen along the Gaussian beam as an alphabet for the communication. OAM beams were generated and detected using two light modulators. Since then, much progress has been made and free space transmission capacity of over 1 Tbit/s is, today, possible [76]- [78]. By performing three dimensional multiplexing, Huang and co-workers were able to attain a 100 Tbi...

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Section: Underwater Propagation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Underwater Turbulence Effects Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

Trichili

Park

Zghal

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The model was mainly developed for Gaussian-profile beams. Different experimental studies on spatial modes considered underwater turbulence and reported significant impacts on the mode purity over different turbulence regimes [35]. The effect of turbulence has also been theoretically investigated in recent reports [36], [37].…”

Section: Underwater Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CNN-Based Structured Light Communication Scheme for Internet of Underwater Things Applications

Trichili

Issaid

Ooi

et al. 2020

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Underwater optical wireless communication is an emerging field that can provide reliable connectivity for future generation internet of underwater things devices. In this paper, we propose a communication system based on single and superposition of Laguerre Gaussian modes to transfer information and rely on a convolutional neural network for the mode identification in an underwater environment. A 100% recovery fidelity is reported at clear and turbid water. Beyond 90% of identification, accuracy is achieved under different laboratory-emulated underwater turbulence conditions. The practical implementation of the proposed spatial-mode based communication scheme is further discussed.

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“…To improve the transmission capacity, the mode-division multiplexing (MDM) with orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, one subset of SDM, has gained increasing interest [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Recently, OAM has been introduced into underwater wireless optical communications [20][21][22][23][24] with impressive performance. OAM mode set is an option for MDM for the potentiality to accommodate infinite states with orthogonality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Auto-Align ment Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Employing Orbital Angular Momentum Modes

Cai

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Underwater wireless communication plays an increasingly important role in more and more emerging ocean and sea activities. Traditional underwater acoustic communication is limited by low transmission capacity (tens of Kbit/s). Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) provides high bandwidth (GHz). Yet the challenge is not only its continuous capacity scaling, but its resistance to environment disturbance, which is an intrinsic weakness of wireless optical communications with high directivity. Here, we propose and demonstrate fast auto-alignment underwater wireless optical communications employing orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. The OAM multiplexing, an alternative approach of space-division multiplexing, enables capacity scaling. The fast auto-alignment system, having two stages for thorough alignment, facilitates stable and reliable communication link against vibration. Two OAM modes multiplexing transmission link with 4-Gbit/s aggregate capacity is demonstrated in the experiment under four different vibration conditions assisted by the fast auto-alignment system with a response time of 244 Hz. The demonstrations may open up new perspective to robust stable underwater wireless optical communications exploiting spatial modes in practical environment.

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Performance evaluation of underwater optical communications using spatial modes subjected to bubbles and obstructions

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

A CNN-Based Structured Light Communication Scheme for Internet of Underwater Things Applications

Fast Auto-Align ment Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Employing Orbital Angular Momentum Modes

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