Performance Evaluation of the MiniMed® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Patient Home Use

Gross, Todd M.; Bode, Bruce W.; Einhorn, Daniel; Kayne, David; Reed, John H.; White, Neil H.; Mastrototaro, John J.

doi:10.1089/152091500316737

Cited by 281 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Medtronic MiniMed s.c. sensor is an amperometric device utilising glucose oxidase and is used as a component of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS; Medtronic MiniMed) [12]. On the morning following insertion, and after a 10-to 12-h overnight fast, an i.v.…”

Section: Subjects Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial fluid glucose dynamics during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: Glucose sensors often measure s.c. interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose rather than blood or plasma glucose. Putative differences between plasma and ISF glucose include a protracted delay during the recovery from hypoglycaemia and an increased gradient during hyperinsulinaemia. These have often been investigated using sensor systems that have delays due to signal smoothing, or require long equilibration times. The aim of the present study was to define these relationships during hypoglycaemia in a well-equilibrated system with no smoothing. Methods: Hypoglycaemia was induced by i.v. insulin infusion (360 pmol·m −2 ·min −1 ) in ten non-diabetic subjects. Glucose was sequentially clamped at ∼5, 4.2 and 3

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Section: Subjects Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial fluid glucose dynamics during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia

et al. 2005

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“…There are several devices for CGM [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Generally, two types of CGM are distinguished.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the Holter-type of glucose monitoring, where results are shown and analysed retrospectively; the second one uses real-time presentation of glycaemia values. The Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS; Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA, USA) was the first device to be approved and is the most utilised one, both in USA and Europe [5]. It provides a retrospective graphical view of the glycaemia profile measured during last three days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis We investigated the potential effects of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS), as compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose, on glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Methods The following electronic databases were searched throughout June 2007: MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. Additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. Only randomised controlled trials were included. Results We included five trials involving 131 type 1 diabetic patients in the study. Combined data from all trials showed that the CGMS did not significantly reduce HbA 1c levels compared with control groups. The pooled weighted mean difference was −0.02% (95% CI −0.29 to 0.25) with a fixed model and remained insignificant in the random effect model. Sensitivity analysis determined that the findings were stable. There was a trend towards a longer time under the CGMS curve for glucose <3.89 mmol/l in the CGMS group compared with the control group (mean difference 49.00 min, 95% CI −18.00 to 116.00). The CGMS significantly increased the number of insulin dose changes per patient per month for those managed with CGMS compared with the control groups (mean difference 6.3 changes, 95% CI 2.88-9.72). Conclusions/interpretation The Continuous Glucose Monitoring System is not better than self-monitoring of blood glucose with regard to improvement of metabolic control among type 1 diabetic children. However, due to the small number of participants and methodological limitations of the studies included, findings of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution.

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“…The recent availability of continuous glucose monitors provides the opportunity to match the demands of intensive therapy with a period of equally intensive glucose monitoring (12). The continuous glucose profiles and summary statistics provided by these monitors have been demonstrated to identify periods of previously undetected nocturnal hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia that allow the clinical management team to suggest specific changes in the timing and dosage of insulin infusion or injection, dietary and physical activity alterations, and changes in the timing and frequency of blood glucose measurements (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Preliminary clinical evidence among small patient groups with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes suggests that utilization of continuous glucose monitoring data to make therapeutic regimen adjustments results in an overall lowering of blood glucose values coupled with a significant reduction in the frequency of glycemic excursions (13,17,19 -25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glycemic Characteristics in Continuously Monitored Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to generate normative values for periods of euglycemia as well as for daily patterns of glycemic excursions in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes monitored continuously for a maximum period of 21 days and blinded to glucose levels.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -This was a multicenter, prospective observational study in which 101 consecutive patients with type 1 (n ϭ 60) or type 2 (n ϭ 41) diabetes underwent blinded continuous glucose monitoring. Serial glucose measurements were divided into periods of euglycemia (70 -180 mg/dl), hyperglycemia (Ͼ180 mg/dl), and hypoglycemia (Ͻ70 mg/dl). The proportions of time patients were hypoglycemic, euglycemic, and hyperglycemic and the total areas under the curves (AUCs) were determined.RESULTS -During the observation period the 101 subjects contributed an average 287 Ϯ 132 h of continuous glucose values. Subjects remained in the euglycemic range for ϳ63% of the total day, were hypoglycemic 8%, and were hyperglycemic 29%. Hypoglycemia was more prevalent nocturnally (11 vs. 7%) and hyperglycemia diurnally (31 vs. 25%). Compared with subjects with type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetic subjects had more frequent hypoglycemic episodes per day (2.1 vs. 1.0; P Ͻ 0.001) that were of longer duration (1.1 vs. 0.7 h; P Ͻ 0.0001), reflecting a greater number of hours per day in the hypoglycemic range (2.3 vs. 1.0 h; P Ͻ 0.0001). The mean hypoglycemic AUC values were Ͼ150% higher for type 1 compared with type 2 diabetic subjects (41 vs. 16, respectively; P Ͻ 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS -These normative data will assist in study and sample size planning for future investigations of continuous glucose monitoring and allow for qualitative comparisons with trials of therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the occurrence of glycemic excursions.

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Performance Evaluation of the MiniMed® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Patient Home Use

Cited by 281 publications

References 7 publications

Interstitial fluid glucose dynamics during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia

Interstitial fluid glucose dynamics during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia

Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Glycemic Characteristics in Continuously Monitored Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

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