“…Tool view: Electronic Data Processing (EDP) (Austin, 1965) and computer-assisted HR planning (e.g., Bassett, 1973;Ingraham & Lutz, 1974;Teach, Maticic, Arnheim, Cooper, & Everitt, 1968) and their benefits for organizations Proxy view: Resistance to EDP (e.g., Munson, 1962) Ensemble view: Organizational challenges to take full advantage of the potential of EDP (Austin, 1965) Tool view: implementing tailored HR practices for corporate scientists: performance management (Henry, 1962), hiring (Kassem, 1969). Proxy view: Corporate scientists' experiences at work (e.g., Rico, 1962); Socially constructed nature of skill shortage and retraining (Douglass, 1963;Foltman, 1962) Ensemble view: technological environment changes and skill upgrading (e.g., Broadwell, 1965) 1977-1996 Tool view: The effects of automation on organizational structure (e.g., Burke, 1997;Devanna & Tichy, 1990), Proxy view: Responses to technology adoption (Mirvis et al, 1991).…”