Performance evaluation of photovoltaic modules at different tilt angles and orientations

Assessing the solar irradiation potential for solar photovoltaic applications in buildings at low latitudes – Making the case for Brazil

“…Numerous other studies have been made to better accurate the impact of tilt angle and orientation in PV performance according to different latitudes and climates [17][18][19] some of them also taking different variables into consideration, like marketing energy prices [20] or seasonal solar irradiation characteristics [21], most of them for North oriented latitudes.…”

East to west – The optimal tilt angle and orientation of photovoltaic panels from an electricity system perspective

“…Among others, Hussein et al [4], Benghanem [5], Chang [6], and Gharakhani et al [7] have studied output maximizing angles of PV panels in different locations. As a rule of thumb, the output maximizing azimuth (a max_out ) is pointing south for the northern hemisphere and the tilt angles (b max_out ) are between the latitude of the location (u) and u À 15°with only minor losses in total output (below 5%) in the area of ±15°of the maximizing angle combinations.…”

Integrated Configuration of Folding Wall-BIPV at Office Building in Surabaya as Low Carbon Building Design

“…But for the area with low latitude, low tilt angle will not be too effective since there will be dust covering on the PV surface. Research done by Hussein, Ahmad, & El-Ghetany (2004) have found that for the area with low latitude, optimum tilt angle range is between 20°-30° and optimum orientation angle range is between -15° to 15° facing equator. The illustration for optimum tilt angle at low latitude area is shown in Figure 3.…”