Performance evaluation of machined and powder metallurgically fabricated Crofer®22 APU interconnects for SOFC applications

Topcu, Alparslan; Öztürk, Bülent; Cora, Ömer Necati

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.036

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…[36] SOECs are under development and just demonstrated at the laboratory level. They remarkably have high energy efficiency and operate in higher temperatures (at ≤800 °C) [37] while PEM operates at temperatures above 100 °C, and ALK operating temperature is in the range of 60-250 °C. [38,39] Stack efficiency and operating temperature are the important techno-economic parameters for ALK, PEM, and SOEC electrolyzers as shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Current Status Of Hydrogen Production and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Future Perspectives on Production, Storage Technologies, and Transportation of Hydrogen: A Review

Omid,

Şahin,

Cora

2024

Energy Tech

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Hydrogen plays an essential role in the energy‐transition process. Even though currently almost 80–96% of hydrogen is produced from fossil fuel sources in the world, the exciting feature of hydrogen is that it can be produced from renewable sources by splitting water molecules through electrolyzing, and then it can be re‐electrified without any emissions by‐products. Hydrogen is the secondary source of energy as well as an energy carrier that stores and transports the energy produced from other sources such as water, biomass, and fossil fuels. It is a clean‐burning fuel; when oxidized in a fuel cell, it produces heat, electricity, and water vapor as a by‐product, without any carbon emissions. Despite these exciting characteristics of hydrogen, there are still a variety of challenges, such as cost‐effective hydrogen production and its technological challenges, storage, safety, transportation, and cost issues. This article aims to overview the challenges and opportunities in hydrogen production, storage, and transportation along with some future perspectives on hydrogen.

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Section: Current Status Of Hydrogen Production and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Future Perspectives on Production, Storage Technologies, and Transportation of Hydrogen: A Review

Omid,

Şahin,

Cora

2024

Energy Tech

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“…In view of the high mechanical strength, adequate thermal conductivity, excellent electronic conductivity and low cost, metallic alloys are widely used as interconnects, such as Fe-Cr based alloys, operating at the working temperature of SOFCs [6]. Several ferritic stainless steels with the formation of protective Cr scales are promising candidates, such as AISI430 [7,8], ZMG232 [9] and Crofer 22 APU [10,11], due to the low mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficient of ferritic steels and other SOFC components [12]. The formation of a continuous Cr 2 O 3 protective layer with 20-25% Cr content increases the oxidation resistance of interconnects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Field Study of Cr-Oxide Growth Kinetics in the Crofer 22 APU Alloy Supported by Wagner’s Theory

Wang

Spatschek

2023

Energies

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The Crofer 22 APU alloy is a frequently used metallic material to manufacture interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells. However, the formation and evaporation of Cr2O3 not only increases the electrical resistance but also leads to the Cr-related degradation over the service time. In order to investigate the growth kinetics of Cr-oxide, i.e., Cr2O3, the multi-phase field model coupled with reliable CALPHAD databases is employed. The phase field simulation results are benchmarked with the predictions of Wagner’s theory. Moreover, we evidence the influence of the temperature and Cr concentration on the ferritic matrix phase and the oxygen concentration at the Cr2O3/gas interface on the growth kinetics of Cr-oxide, paving the way for further investigations of Cr-related solid oxide fuel cell degradation processes.

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“…However, the oxidation process of Crofer® 22 APU and its evaporation leads to further chemical reactions with Sr originating from LSCF. These new phases can strongly reduce the LSCF cathode's performance [5]. X. Yin et al have elaborated a related simplified thermodynamic calculation for Sr-related degradation behavior using FactSage, which indicates the influences of the vapor pressure of the Cr 2 O 3 gaseous phase on the formation of the undesired solid phases, such as SrCrO 4 , SrCrO 3 and Sr 3 Cr 2 O 8 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Prediction of the Vapor Pressure of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Components

Hu¹,

Wang²,

Spatschek³

et al. 2023

ECS Trans.

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Due to the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells, various chemical reactions can lead to degradation, for instance, based on Cr2O3 gas phase evaporation from the interconnect and subsequent reaction with SrO which originates from LSCF cathodes. Therefore, investigations of the potential chemical reactions and the sublimation process play an extremely important role to study the related chemical reactions in SOFCs. Here we propose a practical physical model based on density functional theory calculations and statistical mechanics to predict the vapor pressure of pure substances. This model is allowed to extend the thermodynamic database and to analyze the resulting chemical reactions inducing the new phase formation which leads to the degradation of SOFCs. These investigations serve as a theoretical basis to understand and reduce degradation phenomena from a thermodynamic and kinetic perspective.

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Performance evaluation of machined and powder metallurgically fabricated Crofer®22 APU interconnects for SOFC applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Challenges and Future Perspectives on Production, Storage Technologies, and Transportation of Hydrogen: A Review

Challenges and Future Perspectives on Production, Storage Technologies, and Transportation of Hydrogen: A Review

Phase Field Study of Cr-Oxide Growth Kinetics in the Crofer 22 APU Alloy Supported by Wagner’s Theory

Theoretical Prediction of the Vapor Pressure of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Components

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