Performance Evaluation of IEC 61850 GOOSE Messages over a 5G Network for Protection Coordination in Smart Grid

Zerihun, Tesfaye Amare; Lundkvist, Henrik; Acevedo, Santiago Sanchez

doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333948

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The whole suite of protocols in IEC-61850 was encapsulated into UDP and TCP packets in [18], showing promising results for the latency of these protocols operating over cellular services. The GOOSE protocol's performance has been measured in a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulator, targeting a physical IED's response time to virtual IED faults over a simulated 5G network [19]. The authors of [20] investigated the capabilities and constraints encountered when utilizing the IEC-61850 protocol suite for protection systems communicating over 5G.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Wireless Smart Grid Communications: An Evaluation of Protocol Latencies in an Open-Source 5G Testbed

Boeding,

Scalise,

Hempel

et al. 2024

Energies

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Fifth-generation networks promise wide availability of wireless communication with inherent security features. The 5G standards also outline access for different applications requiring low latency, machine-to-machine communication, or mobile broadband. These networks can be advantageous to numerous applications that require widespread and diverse communications. One such application is found in smart grids. Smart grid networks, and Operational Technology (OT) networks in general, utilize a variety of communication protocols for low-latency control, data monitoring, and reporting at every level. Transitioning these network communications from wired Wide Area Networks (WANs) to wireless communication through 5G can provide additional benefits to their security and network configurability. However, introducing these wireless capabilities may also result in a degradation of network latency. In this paper, we propose utilizing 5G for smart grid communications, and we evaluate the latency impacts of encapsulating GOOSE, Modbus, and DNP3 for transmission over a 5G network. The OpenAirInterface open-source library is utilized to deploy an in-lab 5G Core Network and gNB for testing with off-the-shelf User Equipment (UE). This creates an effective 5G test platform for experimenting with different OT protocols such as GOOSE. The results are validated by measuring two different Intelligent Electronic Devices’ contact closure times for each network configuration. These tests are also conducted for varying packet sizes in order to isolate different sources of network latency. Our study outlines the latency impact of communication over 5G for time-critical and non-critical applications regarding their transition toward private 5G-based OT network implementations. The conducted experiments illustrate that in the case of GOOSE packets, simple encapsulation may exceed the protocol’s time-critical nature, and, therefore, additional measures must be taken to ensure a viable transition of GOOSE to 5G services. However, non-critical applications are shown to be viable for migration to 5G.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%