Performance evaluation of geopolymer concrete beams under monotonic loading

Geopolymer Concrete: an Emerging Green Material for Modern Construction

“…Some of them used the Fly ash and GGBS in different ratios in their GC mix to study various changes in mechanical properties [1,2,6,14,25]. Likewise, the investigation of only GGBS as binder replacing OPC is also done by many researchers [23,26,28]. However, J. Venkateswararao, K. Srinivasa Rao and K. Rambabu (2017) [4] used Fly ash, GGBS, and OPC in a confined ratio to study the performance of glass fiberreinforced GC.…”

“…The addition of extra water is applicable in case of requirement. In some of the cases, admixtures are added to it to improve its workability and strength factor [1,13,16,18,25,26,27]. Many researchers and some others utilized some extra fibres like rubber crumb, hooked end steel fibres, glass fibres, etc to the concrete to study the various changes in their structural and mechanical behaviour and durability factors [1,4,23].…”

“…The carbon emissions of the cement only during the manufacturing process is 1.5 billion tonnes which is 5-7 % of the total CO 2 emission globally in a year which is recorded as the highest contribution towards environmental pollution [13,14,17]. Hence low CO 2 binding agents are abstracted from industrial by-products which are rich in silica and alumina such as Metakaolin [15,18], Fly ash [1,13,16,18], Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) [1,15], Palm Oil Fuel Ash [26], calcinated clays, Rice Husk Ash (RHA) [31] and some natural zeolites. It is noted that the CO 2 emission is reduced by 60% in the manufacturing of geopolymer concrete [15].…”

Structural performance of waste-based reinforced alkali-activated concrete

“…Finally, the authors end the study with the evaluation of the CO 2 footprint associated with the production of the alkali-activated binder designed (based on individual emission values of each constituent) versus an OPC binder of identical compressive strength performance and found a 28.9% improvement in CO 2 emissions (to 249 kg/m 3 of concrete produced). In another set of experiments concerning the structural use of AABC, more specifically the ones based on GGBFS as a sole primary precursor (Saranya, Nagarajan, & Shashikala, 2019 utilized concrete containing binders utilizing dolomite waste powder as secondary precursor/mineral admixture, while being activated with a sodium hydroxide/silicate activating solution, for the production of beams and short columns. The experimental optimization of the concrete mix design was performed and concluded that a 70%À30% GGBFS/dolomite ratio for the content of the precursors would optimize the compressive strength of the mixture and thus, this ratio was adopted as optimal.…”

Elastic stiffness estimation of aggregate–ITZ system of concrete through matrix porosity and volumetric considerations: explanation and exemplification

“…A reasonable in-service safety margin for the structural design of a given concrete structure requires that its concrete components remain within the elastic zone [4]. Thus, the modulus of elasticity is a fundamental parameter for the structural design of concrete components, the accurate estimation of which is highly relevant in this process [5].…”