Performance evaluation of electric-responsive hydrogels as draw agent in forward osmosis desalination

Cui, Hongtao; Zhang, Hanmin; Yu, Mingchuan; Yang, Fenglin

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2017.10.045

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although P(AMPS‐AM)/PAA presented a higher equilibrium swelling capacity as mentioned above, its swelling rates during the initial stage were close to those of P(AMPS‐AM), thus resulting in a similar water‐adsorbing tendency during the 24‐h FO process. However, the water flux produced by 1.0 g of P(AMPS‐AM)/PAA (2.20 LMH) is relatively higher than other electrically responsive hydrogels, for example, the AMPS/DMAEMA hydrogel with a draw mass of 2.0 g (2.09 LMH) 37 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Electro‐responsive semi‐IPN hydrogel with enhanced responsive property for forward osmosis desalination

Luo

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An electro‐responsive hydrogel with semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPN) composed of crosslinked poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐l‐propanesulfonic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (P(AMPS‐AM)) and linear polyelectrolyte polyacrylic acid (PAA) was explored. The semi‐IPN hydrogel was characterized with different methods and then used as advanced draw agent toward high water recovery for forward osmosis (FO) desalination. The swelling kinetics of the semi‐IPN hydrogel was investigated, and the electro‐responsive nature of the hydrogel under electric stimulus (in direct contact with electrodes) was determined. Results indicated that in comparison with pure P(AMPS‐AM) hydrogel, the semi‐IPN hydrogel exhibited a loose network structure with more pores. In addition, a higher equilibrium swelling capacity and more pronounced deswelling under electric stimulus can be observed for the semi‐IPN hydrogel. Furthermore, the semi‐IPN hydrogel displayed a similar initial water flux of 2.20 L m−2 h−1 (LMH) from 2 g/L NaCl solution of a lab‐scale FO process. Importantly, the semi‐IPN hydrogel had a 25% increase in water recovery efficiency under the electric stimulus of 15 V, and showed better recyclability during three cycles of regeneration compared with pure P(AMPS‐AM). The mechanism of enhanced dewatering nature for the semi‐IPN hydrogel under electric stimulus was elucidated. These results indicate this new hydrogel's potential as a promising candidate for improving FO performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Electro‐responsive semi‐IPN hydrogel with enhanced responsive property for forward osmosis desalination

Luo

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Section: Enhancing Deswelling Rate Of Hydrogel By Applying Different mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Various electrically responsive hydrogels were also investigated as draw solutes, such as 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and 2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as monomers. The initial flux for A0.55D0.45 reached 2.09 LMH when even 2000 ppm NaCl solution was used as the feed solution [62]. To reduce the energy consumption for draw solute recovery after FO, magnetic poly (Nisopropylacrylamide-co-sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (referred to as Fe 3 O 4 @ P(NIPAM-co-AMPS)) nanogels were studied as draw solutes [64], while the draw solute was hard to be regenerated completely under the external magnetic stimuli for a week at 65°C.…”

Section: Enhancing Deswelling Rate Of Hydrogel By Applying Different mentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent Developments and Future Challenges of Hydrogels as Draw Solutes in Forward Osmosis Process

Wang

Gao

Tian

et al. 2020

Water

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Forward osmosis (FO) has been recently regarded as a promising water treatment technology due to its lower energy consumption and lower membrane fouling propensity compared to the reverse osmosis (RO). The absence of suitable draw solute constraints the wide-range application of the FO. Hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer networks that can absorb a huge amount of water. Particularly, stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels can undergo a reversible volume change or solution-gel phase transition in response to external environmental stimuli, including temperature, light, pressure, solvent composition, and pH. These intrinsic properties indicate the lowest regeneration cost of draw solutes compared to the thermal method and other membrane processes. This review aims to introduce the research progress on hydrogels as draw solutes, clarify the existing problems and point out the further research direction.

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“…Draw solution responses to stimuli such as CO 2 , magnetic, electric, and thermal have been actively researched due to the conveniences to be applied and controlled under the presence of stimuli. [ 172 ] Thermoresponsive draw solutes with either lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or upper critical solution temperature (UCST) characteristics, including hydrogels, oligomers, and ionic liquids have been used for FO process. Compared with other stimuli–responsive draw solution, the thermal energy required to induce the regeneration process can be harnessed from readily available low‐grade heat sources.…”

Section: Strategies For Energy Reduction In Desalination Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Seawater Desalination: Strategies and Opportunities

2021

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With the change in climate patterns, rapid industrialization, and population growth, the increasing water and energy demand became a major concern in the past decades. Desalination has been touted as the answer to the global water crisis, due to its capability in producing high‐quality fresh water from saline water. The continual research and innovations in the desalination field have resulted in the commercialization of large‐scale desalination in many water scarce regions. In the energetic context, all desalination processes are energy intensive. With the necessity to make desalination a more affordable and sustainable process, the energy efficiency of desalination is becoming an important topic. Herein, it is aimed to provide insights into the recent efforts and strategies established to tackle the energy‐related issues of both, thermal‐based and membrane‐based desalination processes. Depending on the principle of various commercial and emerging desalination processes, the directions of energy efficiency improvements, which include operating condition optimization, high‐performance material development, and renewable energy exploitation are discussed. The ideas and strategies reviewed herein, whether in their implementation or theoretical stage, are expected to provide insights into the possible improvement for application in commercial desalination plants.

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Performance evaluation of electric-responsive hydrogels as draw agent in forward osmosis desalination

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

Electro‐responsive semi‐IPN hydrogel with enhanced responsive property for forward osmosis desalination

Electro‐responsive semi‐IPN hydrogel with enhanced responsive property for forward osmosis desalination

Recent Developments and Future Challenges of Hydrogels as Draw Solutes in Forward Osmosis Process

Energy Efficient Seawater Desalination: Strategies and Opportunities

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