Performance Evaluation of Developed GEM-based X-Ray Diagnostic System

Linczuk, Paweł; Krawczyk, Rafał Dominik; Wojeński, Andrzej; Zabołotny, W.; Poźniak, Krzysztof T.; Chernyshova, M.; Czarski, Tomasz; Kolasiński, Piotr; Kasprowicz, G.; Gąska, Michał; Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E.; Malinowski, K.

doi:10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.11.637

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previous iterations included global triggering mode [9]. It works by saving measurement data from all channels at once as soon as one or more signals rise above the trigger level on Fig.…”

Section: A Triggering Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Algorithms for different spectra generation based on raw data X-ray pulses were implemented in MATLAB as reference [10] and in low latency versions [7] on CPU and GPU devices. This solution was comprehensively tested in terms of hardware performance [9] and whole data path throughput and latency with CPU algorithms. Tests have proven bottlenecks:…”

Section: A Triggering Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Linczuk

Wojeński

Kolasiński

et al. 2020

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The paper presents improvements of the developed system for hot plasma radiation measurement in the soft Xray range based on a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. Scope of work consists of a new solution for handling hardware time-synchronization with tokamak systems needed for better synchronization with other diagnostics and measurement quality. The paper describes the support of new modes of triggering on PC-side. There are communication and data path overview in the system. The new API is described, which provide separate channels for data and control and is more robust than the earlier solution. Work concentrates on stability and usability improvements of the implemented device providing better usage for end-user.

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“…Previous iterations included global triggering mode [9]. It works by saving measurement data from all channels at once as soon as one or more signals rise above the trigger level on Fig.…”

Section: A Triggering Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Triggering Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Linczuk

Wojeński

Kolasiński

et al. 2020

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“…The system overview and more details of software architecture and data path can be found in [3]. The calculations of throughput of different parts of the system and assessment of the maximal hardware performance are described in [7]. The system used for this studies is capable of processing 243902 events/second and 9.54 Gbit/s (approx.…”

Section: System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this mode, for each crossing of the signal above the trigger level, a set of 40 samples from all channels is gathered (such a set is called the event in the article). More details about this mode and its limitations are described in [7]. Another, local trigger mode is also implemented and tested [9,10].…”

Section: System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latency and throughput of online processing in Soft X-Ray GEM-based measurement system

et al. 2019

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The paper presents latency and performance study of the monitoring system for plasma impurities radiation in a tokamak. The developed solution measures radiation in Soft X-Ray range and can provide valuable information about the ongoing experiment with low latency. This work presents the test configuration with a single-dimensional pixel topology, with 64 channels, tested at photon rate about 100 kHz per channel. The hardware consists of the GEM-based detector, FPGAs, PCIe transmission system and the computer system with 64-bit x86 architecture. The software is the C/C++ code optimized for the execution time and working in the global trigger mode. The system uses raw data acquisition and the backend computations in CPU to provide high accuracy and high-quality results, not easily achievable otherwise. The research includes measurements of the throughput of the system and the latency of the whole data path - between the pulse detection in FPGA and storing of spectroscopy histograms in the file system in memory. The direction of improvements and further development were proposed.

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Multichannel gas electron multiplier based soft x-ray field-programmable gate array measurement system for W-Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST): Hardware, installation, and first plasma acquisition

Wojeński

Linczuk

Kasprowicz

et al. 2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The work describes a novel approach to the design of a fast, multichannel measurement system for plasma diagnostics [A. Wojenski et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 123, 727 (2016)]. Its main scope is to provide measurements of soft X-ray (SXR) emission during plasma phenomena at the W-Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST), especially for monitoring and tracing tungsten impurities. This paper describes the vertical Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) camera installed at the WEST [M. Chernyshova et al., J. Instrument. 10, P10022 (2015)]. The designed GEM detector readout board has more than 100 channels, resulting in high-performance requirements for the data acquisition and processing system. The novel system construction approach is that the unit works on the raw signals providing a high quality of the data, especially in the scope of pileup effect analysis. In the case of doubtful results, the source data can be easily reviewed offline. The data selection and transmission are done in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) on the custom boards with the custom Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)-Express Gen2 switch that allows us to register signals from multiple FPGAs and then process the data by complex algorithms [G. Kasprowicz et al., J. Fusion Energy 38, 480 (2019)]. The firmware is replaceable and different working modes can be applied (some under verification): global trigger mode, high-speed data serialization, and extended signal registration. Low level optimized central processing unit software for data readout was also designed [P. Linczuk et al., J. Instrum. 14, C05001 (2019)]. The installation of the system is described due to complex system components’ distribution. The first results of the successful acquisition of the plasma at the WEST are discussed. The corresponding SXR energy and topology spectra were computed. Those are the first technical measurements of the system to ensure verification of data quality.

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Performance Evaluation of Developed GEM-based X-Ray Diagnostic System

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Latency and throughput of online processing in Soft X-Ray GEM-based measurement system

Multichannel gas electron multiplier based soft x-ray field-programmable gate array measurement system for W-Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST): Hardware, installation, and first plasma acquisition

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