“…2018; Somnark et al . 2018). There are only a few studies providing information on the distribution of these markers at a larger global scale (Boehm et al .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The performance of these methods has been tested in various water samples such as wastewater, freshwater and marine waters (e.g. Ahmed et al 2009;Converse et al 2009;Srinivasan et al 2011;Aslan and Rose 2013;Layton et al 2013;Mayer et al 2016;Jard e et al 2018;Somnark et al 2018). There are only a few studies providing information on the distribution of these markers at a larger global scale (Boehm et al 2013;Layton et al 2013;Mayer et al 2018).…”
One of the main impacts of urban sprawl in rapidly growing countries has been contamination of coastal environments by waterborne pathogens, posing a critical risk to ecosystem and human health. Microbial source tracking (MST) has been a robust tool to identify the origin of these pathogens globally. This study compared the occurrence of a human‐associated Bacteroides marker (BT‐α) with faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in an urban estuary (Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey). Faecal coliform (culture method), enterococci (both culture and qPCR method) concentrations and physicochemical variables were compared with the BT‐α concentrations in monthly collected samples for a year (n = 108). Enterococci concentrations detected by culture and qPCR were positively correlated (r = 0·86, P < 0·01) suggesting that qPCR can be an alternative method for monitoring. BT‐α marker was positive for 30% of the samples and positively correlated with enterococci (r = 0·61 and r = 0·64 for culture and qPCR methods respectively, P < 0·01). Rainfall had a moderate positive correlation with all faecal/MST indicators suggesting combined sewer overflows also severely impacted estuarine water quality. The high FIB and BT‐α concentrations at upper estuary suggested that faecal pollution mainly originated from the peri‐urban settlements around two creeks entering the estuary.
“…2018; Somnark et al . 2018). There are only a few studies providing information on the distribution of these markers at a larger global scale (Boehm et al .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The performance of these methods has been tested in various water samples such as wastewater, freshwater and marine waters (e.g. Ahmed et al 2009;Converse et al 2009;Srinivasan et al 2011;Aslan and Rose 2013;Layton et al 2013;Mayer et al 2016;Jard e et al 2018;Somnark et al 2018). There are only a few studies providing information on the distribution of these markers at a larger global scale (Boehm et al 2013;Layton et al 2013;Mayer et al 2018).…”
One of the main impacts of urban sprawl in rapidly growing countries has been contamination of coastal environments by waterborne pathogens, posing a critical risk to ecosystem and human health. Microbial source tracking (MST) has been a robust tool to identify the origin of these pathogens globally. This study compared the occurrence of a human‐associated Bacteroides marker (BT‐α) with faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in an urban estuary (Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey). Faecal coliform (culture method), enterococci (both culture and qPCR method) concentrations and physicochemical variables were compared with the BT‐α concentrations in monthly collected samples for a year (n = 108). Enterococci concentrations detected by culture and qPCR were positively correlated (r = 0·86, P < 0·01) suggesting that qPCR can be an alternative method for monitoring. BT‐α marker was positive for 30% of the samples and positively correlated with enterococci (r = 0·61 and r = 0·64 for culture and qPCR methods respectively, P < 0·01). Rainfall had a moderate positive correlation with all faecal/MST indicators suggesting combined sewer overflows also severely impacted estuarine water quality. The high FIB and BT‐α concentrations at upper estuary suggested that faecal pollution mainly originated from the peri‐urban settlements around two creeks entering the estuary.
“…Next, spiked and unspiked reactors were pH adjusted to 3.50 prior to vacuum filtration with a 0.45‐μm‐pore‐size HAWP membrane (Merck Millipore; Kongprajug, Chyerochana, et al, ). Filtered membranes were cut, and DNA extracted using a Quick‐DNA Fecal Soil Microbe Miniprep kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA; Somnark, Chyerochana, Kongprajug, Mongkolsuk, & Sirikanchana, ; Somnark, Chyerochana, Mongkolsuk, & Sirikanchana, ). DNA concentrations were measured with a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).…”
Pinpointing water pollution sources using host-specific gastrointestinal microbes, known as microbial source tracking (MST), have significant benefits for countries with water quality management issues related to pollution. A recently discovered bacteriophage, crAssphage, shows promise as a human-specific MST marker. However, loss of genetic materials during the recovery and the detection processes could alter the ability to measure virus quantities in a water sample. This study determined the crAssphage recovery efficiencies in water sources, including seawater, freshwater, and influent and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, by spiking natural crAssphage concentrates prior to DNA extraction and quantitative PCR analysis. The results showed that river and seawater with no or low crAssphage background experienced no recovery loss. Evaluating recovery efficiencies in samples with high crAssphage backgrounds posed a challenge due to the inability to prepare high crAssphage titers. This study highlights the importance of intra-laboratory assessment of recovery efficiency in environmental samples for retrieving absolute crAssphage quantification with correction of bias among water samples and increase in data accuracy.
• Practitioner points• In laboratory assessment of recovery efficiency is crucial for bias correction and data accuracy for absolute crAssphage quantification in water samples. • No loss in crAssphage recovery was observed in river and seawater that contained no or low crAssphage backgrounds. • Inability to prepare high crAssphage spike concentrations remains the major limitation for evaluating recovery in samples with high crAssphage backgrounds. • The results underline the importance of evaluating method recovery in real environmental samples that reflect actual matrix effect. • Absolute crAssphage quantification, as human-specific pollution marker, could be used for prioritizing water quality restoration and area-based management plan.
“… Fig. 3 PCR results showing amplification products for universal and human-, swine-, and cattle-specific Bacteroidales markers (see [2] for related information). …”
We reported modified endpoint PCR results analyzed by universal and human-, swine-, and cattle-specific Bacteroidales gene markers with human sewage and animal fecal samples (i.e., swine, cattle, chicken, goat, sheep, buffalo, and duck) from Tha Chin and Chao Phraya watersheds. Annealing locations of PCR primers were illustrated by maps of 16s rRNA Bacteroidales genes. We also summarized previously published work on the performance of the PCR assays. For further discussion of the data presented here, please refer to Somnark et al., Performance evaluation of Bacteroidales genetic markers for human and animal microbial source tracking in tropical agricultural watersheds, Environ. Pollut. 236 (2018) 100–110.
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