Performance evaluation and security analysis of ground‐to‐satellite FSO system with CV‐QKD protocol

Alshaer, Nancy; Ismail, Tawfik; Nasr, Mohamed E.

doi:10.1049/iet-com.2019.0795

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…where E [•] is the expectation operation. It is important to note that it is almost impossible to find an exact ergodic capacity expression for the proposed scenario by using (20). Therefore, with the aid of Jensen's inequality, we propose two approximate ergodic capacity bounds as given here;…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Diversity in Downlink Optical Satellite Networks Through Ground Station Selection

Erdoğan¹,

Altunbaş²,

Kurt³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent advances have shown that satellite communication (SatCom) will be an important enabler for next generation terrestrial networks as it can provide numerous advantages, including global coverage, high speed connectivity, reliability, and instant deployment. An ideal alternative for radio frequency (RF) satellites is its free-space optical (FSO) counterpart. FSO or laser SatCom can mitigate the problems occurring in RF Sat-Com, while providing important advantages, including reduced mass, lower consumption, better throughput, and lower costs. Furthermore, laser SatCom is inherently resistant to jamming, interception, and interference. Owing to these benefits, this paper focuses on downlink laser SatCom, where the best ground station (GS) is selected among numerous candidates to provide reliable connectivity and maximum site diversity. To quantify the performance of the proposed scheme, we derive closed-form outage probability and ergodic capacity expressions for two different practical GS deployment scenarios. Furthermore, asymptotic analysis is conducted to obtain the overall site diversity gain, and aperture averaging is studied to illustrate the impact of aperture diameter on the overall performance. Finally, important design guidelines that can be useful in the design of practical laser SatComs are outlined.

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Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Diversity in Downlink Optical Satellite Networks Through Ground Station Selection

Erdoğan¹,

Altunbaş²,

Kurt³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In addition, size, weight, and power constraints related to the drone design have been considered such that a mass of 5 kg and power consumption of 20 W must not exceed. The performance of a secure ground-to-satellite FSO system has been evaluated in [38] employing CV-QKD protocol, taking into account the atmospheric channel attenuation, turbulence-induced scintillation, eye safety considerations, and the vertical beam link budget. The transmitter and receiver parameters such as bit rate, packet length, and scale coefficient step have been optimized in order to maximize the information capacity at the operating transmission distance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation and Security Analysis of UAV-Based FSO/CV-QKD System Employing DP-QPSK/CD

Alshaer

Ismail

2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based on free-space optical (FSO) systems combine the benefits of both the high data rate of the FSO and the mobility of UAV. However, cumulative effects of laser beam divergence and turbulence-induced fading on the received irradiance in the FSO link might allow an external eavesdropper located near the authorized receiver to break the transmission under certain conditions. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique of secure communication that employs quantum mechanics-based cryptography principles. A combination of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) and Gaussian modulation of quantum coherent states (GMCS) enables a relatively secure communication system against collective attacks over FSO transmission links. However, the performance is restricted and degraded due to the influence of atmospheric turbulence and excess noise. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of a secured UAV-based FSO system utilizing prepare and measure CV-QKD protocol based on GMCS under collective attack in terms of quantum bit error rate (QBER), outage probability, and secret key rate (SKR) considering the impairments of the FSO channel, link budget, deviations in the position and attitude angles of the UAV, channel fluctuating transmittance, and excess noise. The system parameters, including transmit power, receiver's field-of-view, and beam divergence angle, are optimized to satisfy the system's design criteria of threshold-QBER = 10 −3 and threshold outage probability = 10 −2 . The proposed system tolerates boresight displacement up to 7 cm with the optimized values. The Closed-form expressions and analytical results are confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations.

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A Survey of Secure Communications for Satellite Internet Based on Cryptography and Physical Layer Security

Zhang,

Zhao,

et al. 2023

IET Information Security

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Satellite internet serves as an indispensable component of the upcoming sixth-generation networks for providing global broadband internet access service. Due to the open nature of satellite-ground communication, security issue in satellite internet has always been an important concern for both industry and academia. Although many researchers focus on secure communications in satellite internet, the literature is surprisingly sparse, with no comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art security techniques. This paper provides an in-depth survey of secure communications for various satellite internet scenarios. Based on different security mechanisms, we first categorize the existing works of secure communications in satellite internet into two categories: cryptography-based and physical layer security-based. The former includes classical encryption-based and quantum encryption-based secure communication, and the latter is further divided into precoding-based, cooperative jamming-based, relay selection-based, and physical-layer authentication-based secure communication depending on the applied techniques. Finally, we provide some future research directions.

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Performance evaluation and security analysis of ground‐to‐satellite FSO system with CV‐QKD protocol

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Site Diversity in Downlink Optical Satellite Networks Through Ground Station Selection

Site Diversity in Downlink Optical Satellite Networks Through Ground Station Selection

Performance Evaluation and Security Analysis of UAV-Based FSO/CV-QKD System Employing DP-QPSK/CD

A Survey of Secure Communications for Satellite Internet Based on Cryptography and Physical Layer Security

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