Performance enhancement of rubber composites using VOC-Free interfacial silica coupling agent

Ye, Neng; Zheng, Jianming; Ye, Xin; Xue, Jiajia; Han, Dongli; Xu, Haoshu; Wang, Zhao; Zhang, Liqun

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108301

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…11,12 However, the reaction between silane coupling agent and silica will produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, such as methanol or ethanol (e.g., In the tire industry, about 5-6 ml VOCs emissions are generated for every 1 kg of silane coupling agent used and for the annual output of 10,000 tons of tire factories will produce 180,000 m 3 VOCs emissions), which is harmful to human health and may cause the porosity of vulcanizate. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Therefore, it is urgent to find prior substitutes for SSBR and silane coupling agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Tire development tendency is green, environment-friendly, and safeguarding life and health. The conventional tires, consisting of solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers (SSBR), silica, silane coupling agents, and other rubber additives, will not be able to keep up with the demand. SSBR, as a synthetic rubber processed from nonrenewable petroleum resources, creates a large amount of carbon emissions in the production process and the reaction between silica and silane coupling agents generates a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is detrimental to the environment and human health. In this article, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with different epoxide degrees was successfully prepared and blended with natural rubber (NR)/silica composites to improve the dispersion of silica and the performance of nanocomposites. The effect of heat treatment temperature on the reaction between ENR and silica and the dynamic and static mechanical properties of ENR/NR/silica nanocomposites was investigated by mechanical properties test, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The results showed that the epoxy groups on the ENR molecular chain could react with the silanol on the surface of silica to form a strong chemical bond, which improved the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix and further enhanced the performance of the rubber composites without carbon emission and VOCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Some of these coupling agents may generate VOC. 36 ENR can react with the hydroxyl group on the silica surface, 37,38 ensuring good dispersion of the silica without the use of coupling agents. [39][40][41][42] Because of the strong hydrogen bonding and the uniform dispersion of the silica in ENR, the resulting ENR/silica composites are more resistant to fatigue and abrasion.…”

Section: Natural Rubbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in bio‐based elastomer materials

Tang

Wang

et al. 2022

SusMat

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Elastomers play an irreplaceable role in our society due to their unique properties. Natural rubber is directly obtained from plants and is widely used in tires, shoes, etc. Recently, modified natural rubbers are proposed to expand the application of natural rubber. However, these natural rubbers have a limited variety of molecular structures and may not be able to meet ever-demanding applications. Traditional synthetic elastomers have a variety of molecular structures and their properties are used in various fields, but mainly originate from fossil resources. This review deals with bio-based elastomers, and more specifically natural rubber and bio-based synthetic elastomers. Based on reprocessability, bio-based elastomers can also be divided into bio-based chemically cross-linked ones and thermoplastic ones. Compared to traditional fossil-based elastomers, bio-based ones may alleviate environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of the elastomer industry. K E Y W O R D Sbio-based elastomers, chemically cross-linked, natural rubber, synthetic rubber INTRODUCTIONElastomers are polymeric materials possessing low modulus and high elasticity, and can rapidly recover their orig-This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“… 1 , 2 Other works investigated the use of nonsilane coupling agents. 3 , 4 Beyond silica and carbon black, innovative alternative fillers such as silicon particle and graphene oxide are developed. 5 With the growing need to find sustainable filler materials, research in the fillers domain becomes driven by the challenging task to make new fillers cope with previous technology performance levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Silane Premodified Silica Nanoparticles─Synthesis and Interplay between Chemical, Mechanical, and Curing Properties of Silica–Rubber Nanocomposites: Application to Tire Tread Compounds

et al. 2022

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In silica–rubber based nanocomposites, a single organo-silicon is often used to compatibilize and covalently link silica to rubber. In this work, we have investigated the impact, at micro- and macroscales, of the decoupling of the hydrophobization and the coupling activity of silane by pretreating silica with two different silane chemistries. The first one, a mercaptosilane, is the coupling agent that promotes a covalent link between silica and rubber during the sulfur-mediated vulcanization reaction. The second one, an alkylsilane, aims to improve the silica dispersion. For both kind of silanes, we have varied the chain length and studied at macroscale the dynamic mechanical properties through the key indicators that are E ′′ as loss modulus, E ′ as storage modulus, and their respective ratio tan δ. The shorter silanes combination yielded an improvement in terms of wet grip indicators with tan δ at 0 °C increasing from 0.205 to 0.237 while maintaining rolling resistance indicators at the same level. We have evaluated the impact of the silane chemistry onto the cross-linking reactivity within the fabricated rubber-based nanocomposites by using moving-dye rheometer measurements (MDR). By purposely using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we have studied the silica dispersion in the matrix and the rubber/silica interface and provided the rationale explanation of the mechanical properties observed at the macroscale. AFM observation pointed out the existence of a soft interface around silica fillers when long alkylsilanes were used. We infer that this interface impacts the polymer–filler dynamic and subsequently affects the mechanical properties of the composite material.

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Performance enhancement of rubber composites using VOC-Free interfacial silica coupling agent

Cited by 71 publications

References 52 publications

Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

Current trends in bio‐based elastomer materials

Dual-Silane Premodified Silica Nanoparticles─Synthesis and Interplay between Chemical, Mechanical, and Curing Properties of Silica–Rubber Nanocomposites: Application to Tire Tread Compounds

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