Performance enhancement of polybenzoxazine by hybridization with polysiloxane

Ardhyananta, Hosta; Wahid, Mohd Haniff; Sasaki, Masahiro; Agag, Tarek; Kawauchi, Takehiro; Ismail, Hanafi; Takeichi, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.030

Cited by 84 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Polybenzoxazine/ PDMS hybrids were successfully prepared by blending a benzoxazine monomer and diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS), followed by the thermal cure that induce the ring-opening polymerization of the benzoxazine and the sol-gel process of DEDMS (Figure 21). 34 The introduction of PDMS improved the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the pristine PBa, because of the toughening effect of the PDMS. Surprisingly, in spite of the introduction of the flexible PDMS with low T g , T g of the polybenzoxazine component shifted to higher temperature ( Figure 22).…”

Section: Preparation Of Hybrid By In Situ Formation Of Metal Oxide Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Polybenzoxazines as a Novel Type of Phenolic Resin

Takeichi

Kawauchi

Agag

2008

Polym J

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217

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Polybenzoxazines that can be obtained by the thermally induced ring-opening polymerization of cyclic benzoxazine monomers are expected as a novel type of phenolic resins. Various benzoxazine monomers are easily synthesized from mono-or diamines, mono-or bisphenols, and formaldehyde. Polybenzoxazines have not only the advantageous properties of the traditional phenolic resins such as the high thermal properties, but also other properties that are not found in the traditional phenolic resins such as the molecular design flexibility, and excellent dimensional stability. The disadvantages of the typical polybenzoxazines are high temperature needed for the cure and brittleness of the cured materials. Further enhancement of thermal properties is also expected for the applications in harsh conditions. Herein, we report on our various approaches for performance enhancement of the polybenzoxazine, including the designs of novel monomers, high molecular weight polymeric precursors, polymer alloys, and hybrids with inorganics.KEY WORDS: Thermoset / Ring-Opening Polymerization / Thermal Properties / Toughness / Polymer Alloy / Organic-Inorganic Hybrid / Nanocomposite / The traditional phenolic resins possess excellent characteristics such as good heat and chemical resistance, flame retardancy, electrical properties, low water absorption, and low cost due to the inexpensive raw materials and fabricating processes. Therefore, they are widely used in various fields such as structural materials, adhesives, paints and matrix for fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). Nevertheless, the traditional phenolic resins has many disadvantages including poor shelf life of the precursors, the use of harsh catalyst for polymerization, evolution of volatiles during the cure leading to a large volumetric shrinkage upon cure and formation of voids, and the brittleness of the cured materials. Furthermore, the volatalization of phenol and formaldehyde into the air during the cure process causes some health concern.A series of polybenzoxazine has been developed as a novel type of phenolic resin.1 It differs from the traditional phenolics in that the phenolic moieties are connected by a Mannich base bridge [-CH 2 -N(R)-CH 2 -] instead of methylene (-CH 2 -) bridge associated with the traditional phenolics. The structure of a typical benzoxazine monomer (B-a) prepared from bisphenol-A, aniline and formaldehyde along with the structure of its polybenzoxazine (PB-a) are shown in Figure 1. The monomers for polybenzoxazines are easily prepared from phenols, primary amines and formaldehyde. The wide variations of raw materials, phenols and amines, allow tremendous molecular-design flexibility for the cyclic monomers. Polymerization proceeds through the ring-opening of the cyclic monomers only by heat treatment without the need of catalysts and without generating byproducts or volatiles, and thus offering an excellent dimensional stability for the cured product.Polybenzoxazines provide characteristics found in the traditional phenolic resins such as excellent...

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Section: Preparation Of Hybrid By In Situ Formation Of Metal Oxide Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Polybenzoxazines as a Novel Type of Phenolic Resin

Takeichi

Kawauchi

Agag

2008

Polym J

Self Cite

217

150

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“…Figure 2B shows the change of the ratio of the absorbance at 1016 cm -1 with curing temperature. The Si-O-Si absorbance increased with the progress of cure, suggesting that the condensation of diethoxysilanes occurred during the cure, possibly increasing the molecular weight of polysiloxanes [13,14]. All the polysiloxanes showed similar trend.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pi-polysiloxane Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Preparation and Properties of Polyimide-Polysiloxane Hybrids Using Sol-Gel Method

Shirai

Takahashi

Kawauchi

et al. 2013

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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Polyimide (PI) was successfully hybridized with polysiloxanes by synchronizing two reactions; imidization of poly(amide acid) (PAA) and sol-gel process of diethoxysilanes. Diethoxydimethylsilane, diethoxymethylphenylsilane, and diethoxydiphenylsilane were used as precursors for the formation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS), and polydiphenylsiloxane (PDPS), respectively. The progress of sol-gel reaction was confirmed by IR. The compatibility of polysiloxanes with polyimide was studied by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed better compatibility of phenyl group containing polysiloxanes. The effect of the pendant group of polysiloxane on the mechanical and thermal properties of PI-polysiloxane hybrids was studied. Tensile strength of PI were increased by the addition of small amount of polysiloxanes. Hybrid containing 3 wt% of PDMS gave the highest tensile properties. Dynamic viscoelastic analysis of the PI-polysiloxane hybrid revealed two glass transition temperatures corresponding to polysiloxane and PI components. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher thermal stability by the hybridization.

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“…Alkoxysilane precursors are generally used to introduce an organic group into an inorganic network through sol-gel process [12][13][14][15][16]. Silica and titania frame work have been introduced through hybridisation with organic polymer to obtain a remarkable thermal stability and hydrophilic nature of the resulting hybrid polymer composites [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of polybenzoxazine–silica–titania (PBZ–SiO2–TiO2) hybrid nanomaterials with high surface free energy

Selvi

Devaraju

Vengatesan

et al. 2014

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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In the present work, silica and titania reinforced polybenzoxazine (PBZ-SiO 2 -TiO 2 ) hybrid nanomaterial possessing high surface free energy have been developed using dimethylol-functional benzoxazine monomer (4HBA-BZ), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), 3-(isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane (ICPTS), titaniumisopropoxide (TIPO) through an in situ sol-gel process. Data obtained from the contact angle measurement indicate that the hybrid materials are hydrophilic in nature and possess a high surface free energy. For example, hybrid PBZ obtained from 1:1:0.6:0.4 (m:m:w:w) ratio of 4HBA-BZ:ICPTS:TEOS:TIPO (PB ST 4 ) exhibit a high surface free energy of 38.2 mJm -2 which is higher than that of neat polybenzoxazine (29.5 mJm -2 ). Further data resulted from thermal studies indicate that the hybrid PBZ possess higher values of T g , thermal stability and char yield than those of neat PBZ.

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Performance enhancement of polybenzoxazine by hybridization with polysiloxane

Cited by 84 publications

References 15 publications

High Performance Polybenzoxazines as a Novel Type of Phenolic Resin

High Performance Polybenzoxazines as a Novel Type of Phenolic Resin

Preparation and Properties of Polyimide-Polysiloxane Hybrids Using Sol-Gel Method

Development of polybenzoxazine–silica–titania (PBZ–SiO2–TiO2) hybrid nanomaterials with high surface free energy

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