Performance enhancement of lithium-ion battery using modified LiMn2O4 cathode followed by ultrasonic-assisted electrochemically synthesized graphene

Ali, Md Ramjan; Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman; Rahman, Md Mostafizur; Ali, Md Osman; Mahmud, Saifullah; Rana, Md Masud; Roy, Biplov Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101578

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Besides LMO batteries, the battery chemistry of LFP is such that it favors fire safety, operating costs, and potentially good flexibility in discharge depth, which contemplates a significant benefit for short-term applications, resulting in the popularity of LFP in the EV market [51]. Unlike Li-ion batteries, LFP and LMO batteries are not made with toxic and hazardous metals, lowering their ecological impacts [46].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Tailpipe Emissions: Life Cycle Assessment Unravels Battery’s Carbon Footprint in Electric Vehicles

Ankathi,

Bouchard,

2024

WEVJ

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While electric vehicles (EVs) offer lower life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in some regions, the concern over the greenhouse gas emissions generated during battery production is often debated. This literature review examines the true environmental trade-offs between conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and emerging technologies such as solid-state batteries (SSBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). It emphasizes the carbon-intensive nature of LIB manufacturing and explores how alternative technologies can enhance efficiency while reducing the carbon footprint. We have used a keyword search technique to review articles related to batteries and their environmental performances. The study results reveal that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of battery production alone range from 10 to 394 kgCO2 eq./kWh. We identified that lithium manganese cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide batteries, despite their high energy density, exhibit higher GHGs (20–394 kgCO2 eq./kWh) because of the cobalt and nickel production. Lithium iron phosphate (34–246 kgCO2 eq./kWh) and sodium-ion (40–70 kgCO2 eq./kWh) batteries showed lower environmental impacts because of the abundant feedstock, emerging as a sustainable choice, especially when high energy density is not essential. This review also concludes that the GHGs of battery production are highly dependent on the regional grid carbon intensity. Batteries produced in China, for example, have higher GHGs than those produced in the United States (US) and European Union (EU). Understanding the GHGs of battery production is critical to fairly evaluating the environmental impact of battery electric vehicles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%