9The photovoltaic solar energy industry is expanding, and there is therefore a need to 10 increase and improve its maintainability, operating costs, availability, reliability, safety, 11 life cycle, etc. The aim of this article is to design, develop and check a new condition 12 monitoring system to detect dust in solar photovoltaic panels. The condition monitoring 13 system uses a radiometric sensor connected to an Arduino platform. This novel approach 14 is based on emissivity analysis produced over a surface and characterized with a low 15 emissivity value when dust appears. A thermographic camera is also employed to validate 16 the results provided by the radiometric sensor. The system is designed to be embedded in 17 an unmanned aerial vehicle. Radiometric data is sent and analysed, Internet of Things is 18 employed, and thermograms are stored for further processing. Several scenarios with a 19 real solar panel are used in the experiments, in which the angles and distances of the 20 sensors and surface conditions are studied. An analysis of the radiometric sensor provides 21 accuracy results, and the presence of dust is identified in all scenarios.22