“…Air holes in the PCF core are also used to allow analytes into the sensor, allowing it to have micro-component sizes, during development, the sensor components in analyte sensing are divided into external sensing and internal sensing; in external sensing, the Au layer is placed on the component's outer layer, whereas, in internal sensing, the Au layer is located on the sensor core. This component has been developed specifically in the medical world for the early detection of several diseases, such as the early detection of skin cancer cells (Eid et al, 2021;Irawan et al, 2022d), breast cancer, liver cancer, blood cancer, and early detection of cholesterol (Ramola et al, 2021;Jabin et al, 2019;Rahaman et al, 2022;Kumar et al, 2023), and we conducted a numerical study for this sensor component in the early detection of tuberculosis in this work. The difference in RI between disease-infected and healthy cells serves as the reference for PCF-based sensing (Pan et al, 2022) , because this component is ultra-sensitive, it will excel at diagnosing diseases based on the RI (Shakya and Singh, 2022) .…”