Performance Comparison of Simple and Low Cost Metallization Techniques for 3D Printed Antennas at 10 GHz and 30 GHz

Alkaraki, Shaker; Gao, Yue; Munoz, Max; Stremsdoerfer, Samuel; Gayets, Edouard; Parini, C.G.

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2874566

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Then, the 3D printed structure is rinsed using pressurized water to remove the support material which has been used during the 3D printing process. After that, the antenna is metallized using Jet Metal (JMT) Process that described in details in [5]. JMT process involves spray coating the 3D printed plastic structure with a thin and very smooth layer of silver that has The silver layer thickness is significantly thicker than the skin depth at 28 GHz which is ∼ 0.4 µm [5].…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, the antenna is metallized using Jet Metal (JMT) Process that described in details in [5]. JMT process involves spray coating the 3D printed plastic structure with a thin and very smooth layer of silver that has The silver layer thickness is significantly thicker than the skin depth at 28 GHz which is ∼ 0.4 µm [5]. Finally, using 3D printing and JMT process for metallizing the radiating layer reduces the overall weight and cost of the proposed MIMO.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three dimensional printing (3D printing) also known as additive manufacturing is an effective technology that have been widely used to deliver efficient designs for various antenna applications at different frequency bands ranges from microwave to THz frequencies. Using 3D printing to provide antenna solutions have several advantages such as realizing complex shapes at low cost especially, if combined with low cost metallization techniques as shown in [5]. Generally, manufacturing an antenna using 3D printing involves two major steps: the first is to 3D print the antenna using a 3D printer and then to metallize the 3D printed structure using a proper metallization technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, manufacturing an antenna using 3D printing involves two major steps: the first is to 3D print the antenna using a 3D printer and then to metallize the 3D printed structure using a proper metallization technique. This metallization technique can be the well-known and relatively high cost electroless plating used in [6], [7] or a low cost metallization technique such as the techniques recently proposed in [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

mm-Wave Low-Cost 3D Printed MIMO Antennas With Beam Switching Capabilities for 5G Communication Systems

Alkaraki

Gao

2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents designs and prototypes of low cost multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas for 5G and millimetre-wave (mm-wave) applications. The proposed MIMOs are fabricated using 3D printing and are able deliver beams in multiple directions that provide continuous and real time coverage in the elevation of up to ∓30 • without using phase shifters. This equips the proposed MIMO with a superior advantage of being an attractive low cost technology for 5G and mm-wave applications. The proposed MIMO antennas operate at the 28 GHz 5G band, with wide bandwidth performance exceeds 4 GHz and with beam switching ability of up to ∓30 • in the elevation plane. The direction of the main beam of the single element antenna in the MIMO is steered over the entire bandwidth through introducing 3D printed walls with different heights on the side of the 3D printed radiating antenna. Unlike all other available beam steering techniques; the proposed wall is not only able to change the direction of the beam of the antenna, but also it is able to increase the overall directivity and gain of the proposed antenna and MIMO at the same time over the entire bandwidth.

show abstract

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

mm-Wave Low-Cost 3D Printed MIMO Antennas With Beam Switching Capabilities for 5G Communication Systems

Alkaraki

Gao

2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This 3D-printed prototype has been realized with a clear finish and the supportive material that is removed by rinsing the prototype using pressurized water. The cost of a Vero clear transparent polyethylene is ~650 USD per kg [37].…”

Section: A Antenna Fabrication and Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3-D-Printed High-Dielectric Materials-Filled Pyramidal Double-Ridged Horn Antenna for Abdominal Fat Measurement System

Sarjoghian

Alfadhl

Chen

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a novel 3D-printed, pyramidal double-ridged horn antenna, filled with a high-dielectric material comprising a mixture of linseed oil and titanium oxide, for biomedical applications. In particular, this investigation explores the use of the antenna design to measure the abdominal fat layers of the human body. The antenna is designed to operate at the lowfrequency microwave bands and complemented with an absorber layer at the aperture to improve directivity. The proposed method aims to assess the fat layer thicknesses based on an analysis of the variations of the reflection coefficients. The system has been calibrated and validated based on a number of numerical timedomain simulations, as well as experimental analysis. Assessment of the first transition point in the reflection coefficient spectrum, has successfully predicted the rate of magnitude change caused by different layer thicknesses (e.g., oil and fat). Comparing coefficient spectra from various simulation experiments has allowed for eliminating the interferences arising from mismatches with the skin and muscle layers, resulting in the measurements of the fat layer thicknesses through the remaining power change rate.

show abstract

Electromagnetic and Chemical Analysis and Performance Comparison of Inset‐fed Rectangular Microstrip Antennas

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simple method for creating lightweight and inexpensive microstrip patch antennas using reduced graphene oxide or acetylene black added epoxy resin was developed. The biggest goal in the method is optimizing the appropriate chemicals and production processes for producing the materials with the designed properties. Five examples of an inset‐fed microstrip patch antenna operating at approximately 2.0–12.0 GHz were designed based on the antenna‘s basic analytical formula. Their models were created in a 3D electromagnetic simulation environment. After examining the performance results of the design, the appropriate design models were produced with both 3D printer technology and wet‐chemical methods, and the experimental results were compared with the simulation results. The produced reduced graphene oxide or acetylene black added samples′ structure was illuminated with scanning electron microscope images, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The measured S11 characteristics of the antennas provide better performance as compared to the simulated results. The measured S11 parameters for the two and three frequency bands fell substantially below −10 dB. As a result of the dielectric constants of the materials and the fabrication of the radiation plane, horizontal shifts were detected in the measurement outcomes.

show abstract

Performance Comparison of Simple and Low Cost Metallization Techniques for 3D Printed Antennas at 10 GHz and 30 GHz

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

mm-Wave Low-Cost 3D Printed MIMO Antennas With Beam Switching Capabilities for 5G Communication Systems

mm-Wave Low-Cost 3D Printed MIMO Antennas With Beam Switching Capabilities for 5G Communication Systems

A 3-D-Printed High-Dielectric Materials-Filled Pyramidal Double-Ridged Horn Antenna for Abdominal Fat Measurement System

Electromagnetic and Chemical Analysis and Performance Comparison of Inset‐fed Rectangular Microstrip Antennas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About