Performance characterization of influent and effluent treatment systems: A case study at Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery

Masters, Amanda; Vinci, Brian J.; Brazil, Brian; Creaser, Duncan A.; Summerfelt, Steven T.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.10.002

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Two institutions used ozone to treat water coming out of quarantine systems, which may help reduce the bacterial and viral load in the water before it is discharged or used in other systems. 19 Activated carbon was used commonly to adsorb in-water medications. 1 The carbon was predominantly disposed of in municipal waste.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Quarantine: Current Practices in Public Zoos and Aquaria

Hadfield¹,

Clayton²

2011

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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The primary goal of quarantine is to reduce the risk of introducing infectious diseases into established collections. Fish quarantine is inherently complex because of the variety of species, environmental requirements, and facilities. To examine current practices, questionnaires were submitted to 60 public zoos and aquaria, predominantly in North America. Questions reviewed system type (closed, flow-through), quarantine length, diagnostics, treatments, and cleaning and disinfection. Forty-two of the 60 institutions responded. Most institutions had separate quarantine protocols for freshwater teleosts, marine teleosts, and elasmobranchs. Ninety-five percent of institutions had a minimum quarantine period of 30 days or more. Sixty-four percent of institutions used isolated areas for some or all of their fish quarantine. Twenty-five percent had designated fish quarantine staff. All institutions used regular visual examinations to assess animal health. Fifty-four percent of the institutions carried out routine hands-on diagnostics on some fish; this was more common for elasmobranchs than teleosts. All institutions carried out necropsies on mortalities. Fifteen percent of institutions performed histopathology on almost all fresh mortalities; 54% percent performed histopathology on less than 10% of mortalities. Prophylactic treatments were common in closed systems, in particular, formalin immersion for teleosts, freshwater dips and copper sulfate immersion for marine teleosts, and praziquantel immersion for marine teleosts and elasmobranchs. Institutions using dips generally did so at the start or end of quarantine. Fenbendazole- and praziquantel-medicated foods were used commonly in teleosts, but dosages varied greatly. Cleaning and disinfection of systems and equipment increased in response to known pathogens. These results can be used to compare and discuss fish quarantine practices at display facilities in order to improve quarantine success.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Quarantine: Current Practices in Public Zoos and Aquaria

Hadfield¹,

Clayton²

2011

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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“…Inactivation of free-living bacteria by the 2 disinfection methods responded differently to increased particle concentrations, with no or minor differences between biotic and abiotic particles. Previous studies on disinfection of bacteria in seawater use 2 different approaches, either testing organisms in pure culture (Sugita et al 1992, Liltved et al 1995 or heterotrophic communities of bacteria (Liltved & Cripps 1999, Leonard et al 2000, Sharrer et al 2005, Herwig et al 2006, Perrins et al 2006a,b, Masters et al 2008. Reported UV and ozone doses needed to reach a specific inactivation level vary tremendously between these 2 approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and abiotic particles protect marine heterotrophic bacteria during UV and ozone disinfection

Hess-Erga¹,

Attramadal²,

Vadstein³

2008

Aquat. Biol.

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Disinfection of water is required for a range of applications, including ballast water treatment and land-based fish farming. Bacteria attached to or embedded in particles can be protected from the disinfectant by various mechanisms. We investigated inactivation of marine heterotrophic bacteria in the presence of biotic and abiotic particles. In one set of experiments with the planktonic rotifer Brachionus 'Nevada', water was exposed to increasing UV and ozone dose, and we examined inactivation of free-living and particle-associated heterotrophic bacteria. An estimated 99.9% inactivation of free-living bacteria was obtained compared to only 91.4% inactivation (3 of 4 experiments) of particle-associated bacteria at the same ozone dose. For the UV experiments, a 6-fold increase in disinfection dose was required to obtain 99.9% inactivation of the particle-associated compared to the free-living bacteria. In a second set of experiments we investigated the protective effect of biotic (rotifers) and abiotic (ceramic clay) particles as a function of particle concentration. Increased particle concentration resulted in reduced disinfection efficiency of free-living bacteria with both UV and ozone. Rotifers protected slightly better against UV disinfection than ceramic clay particles, while such a relationship was not evident for the ozone disinfection. The results suggest a complex bacterial inactivation mechanism in the presence of particles, and will have implications for the treatment strategy used for ballast water and land-based fish farming.

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“…Some of these studies aimed to maximize the efficiency of water treatment systems in aquaculture and to consequently minimize the dependence on water exchange and flushing in fish culture tanks. This goal was achieved by means of the design criteria and operation of recirculation systems for aquaculture wastewater recovery (Palacios and Timmons 2001;Grommen et al 2002;Shnel et al 2002;Yousef et al 2003;Colt 2006;Al-Hafedh et al 2003;Masters et al 2008). Other studies have focused on the development of new strategies to improve fish feeding (Yamamoto et al 2002;Maigualema and Gernat 2003) or automatic feeder controls (Chang et al 2005;Soto-Zarazúa et al 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An automated recirculation aquaculture system based on fuzzy logic control for aquaculture production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

et al. 2010

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The development of an automated recirculation aquaculture system (ARAS) is presented here. The production system facility was built in a 672-m 2 polyethylene greenhouse using four 20-m 3 tanks, each of which was stocked with 1,000 tilapia (O. niloticus). The growth of the fish was evaluated from a starting weight of 2 g to a final average weight of 418 g, during a production cycle from July 2008 to January 2009. Our objective was to develop new technological approaches, based on fuzzy logic control, to integrate into novel automated equipment for recirculation aquaculture systems used for fish production under intensive conditions. This technique allows farmers to incorporate their knowledge and experience into the control system. The results demonstrated a substantial water savings of 97.42%. There was a total fish biomass production of 1,655.3 kg and an average feed conversion rate of 1.55. The environmental variables were kept within acceptable ranges for tilapia production. We conclude that it is possible to increase the productivity and profitability of aquaculture systems, by applying new approaches based on modern control techniques, such as fuzzy logic control, that promote resource optimization.

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Performance characterization of influent and effluent treatment systems: A case study at Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Fish Quarantine: Current Practices in Public Zoos and Aquaria

Fish Quarantine: Current Practices in Public Zoos and Aquaria

Biotic and abiotic particles protect marine heterotrophic bacteria during UV and ozone disinfection

An automated recirculation aquaculture system based on fuzzy logic control for aquaculture production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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