Performance Characteristics of Planar and Three-Dimensional Versions of a Frequency-Agile Electrically Small Antenna

Cutshall, Ryan T.; Ziolkowski, Richard W.

doi:10.1109/map.2014.7011020

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The 3D direc- tivity pattern clearly indicates that the antenna acts as an electric dipole oriented along the y-axis. The RE value is larger than the EZ value; this is a recognized difference between the electric and magnetic antennas when their sizes become very electrically small [48,49].…”

Section: D Magnetic Ez Antennamentioning

confidence: 96%

The directivity of a compact antenna: an unforgettable figure of merit

Ziolkowski

2017

EPJ Appl. Metamat.

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Abstract. When an electrically small antenna is conceived, designed, simulated, and tested, the main emphasis is usually placed immediately on its impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency. All too often it is assumed that its directivity will only be that of a Hertzian dipole and, hence, its directivity becomes a minor consideration. This is particularly true if such a compact antenna radiates in the presence of a large ground plane. Attention is typically focused on the radiator and its size, while the ground plane is forgotten. This has become a too frequent occurrence when antennas, such as patch antennas that have been augmented with metamaterial structures, are explored. In this paper, it is demonstrated that while the ground plane has little impact on the resonance frequency and impedance bandwidth of patch antennas or metamaterial-inspired three-dimensional magnetic EZ antennas, it has a huge impact on their directivity performance. Moreover, it is demonstrated that with both a metamaterialinspired two-element array and a related Huygens dipole antenna, one can achieve broadside-radiating electrically small systems that have high directivities. Several common and original designs are used to highlight these issues and to emphasize why a fundamental figure of merit such as directivity should never be overlooked.

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