Performance characteristics of a new generation of processing circuits for PET applications

Musrock, M.S.; Young, John W.; Moyers, J.C.; Breeding, J. Ernest; Casey, Michael; Rochelle, J.M.; Binkley, D.M.; Swann, B.K.

doi:10.1109/tns.2003.815307

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The APD detector includes LSO crystal arrays, APD arrays, low noise ASICs, and filter circuits. The "Pico3D" electronics [10] that are used in our PMT PET scanners were implemented for data acquisition and analysis. For system evaluation, we used five meter twisted cables to transmit signals.…”

Section: A Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF Transformer Coupled Multiplexing Circuits for APD PET Detectors

Zhang¹,

Grazioso²,

Doshi³

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Avalanche-photodiodes (APDs) as photosensors in positron emission tomography (PET) detectors have been extensively investigated in this field. Compared with conventional photosensors such as the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), most APDs have advantages of higher quantum efficiency ( 70% for APD vs. 20% for PMT), robust packaging and very low magnetic susceptibility. However, it usually has very low gain ( 200 for APD vs. 10 6 for PMT), and a smaller photoactive area ( 5 mm 5 mm for APD vs. 10-52 mm diameter for PMT).The proposal described in this paper was based on a previous APD block detector design, in which each block consists of a 2 2 APD array reading out an 8 8 array of Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystals. Each crystal is 2 mm 2 mm 20 mm. Due to the small block size, in order to build an APD PET system with similar axial field-of-view of a conventional PET scanner, substantially more APD detectors would be needed. Consequently, more electronics processing channels would be required.To simplify the detector electronics, we initiate a multiplexing concept based on RF transformers. This approach may reduce the signal-processing channels by a factor of 16 (from 64 channels to four). The circuits would work from both current and voltage sources, as opposed to resistor networks which map signals only from current sources.We built prototype printed-circuit-boards (PCBs) to evaluate different multiplexing schemes. The initial measurements demonstrate that the multiplexing circuits can be implemented in the detector electronics to reduce signal output channels, without increasing signal rise-time and degrading signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The detector maintains an energy resolution of 19% and timing resolution of about 2 ns (block to single crystal). Moreover, the transformer can function as a single-ended (pseudo-differential) to true-differential converter; this would facilitate retaining signal integrity in transmission through long twisted-pair cables.

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Section: A Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF Transformer Coupled Multiplexing Circuits for APD PET Detectors

Zhang¹,

Grazioso²,

Doshi³

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Refs. [1],[2],[3],[4] describe examples of that architecture. An alternative approach, called waveform sampling (WFS), uses just one signal path, sampled at oscilloscope-like rates (several gigasamples per second (GSPS)), to extract arrival time, integrated charge, baseline offset, and pulse-shape quality for each PMT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveform-Sampling Electronics for a Whole-Body Time-of-Flight PET Scanner

Ashmanskas

LeGeyt

Newcomer

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Waveform sampling is an appealing technique for instruments requiring precision time and pulse-height measurements. Sampling each PMT waveform at oscilloscope-like rates of several gigasamples per second enables one to process PMT signals digitally, which in turn makes it straightforward to optimize timing resolution and amplitude (energy and position) resolution in response to calibration effects, pile-up effects, and other systematic sources of waveform variation. We describe a system design and preliminary implementation that neatly maps waveform-sampling technology onto the LaPET prototype whole-body time-of-flight PET scanner that serves as the platform for testing this new technology.

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“…Image reconstruction is often partitioned into data acquisition, filtering and backprojection. In the past years, several works [1] on PET data acquisition have increased quality and speed of acquisition, using specific hardware for human PET. DSP and/or FPGA provide modular, scalable, programmable solutions which actually reduce research and development time and costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardware/software 2D-3D backprojection on a SoPC platform

Gac¹,

Mancini²,

Desvignes³

2006

Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing

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The reduction of image reconstruction time is needed to spread the use of PET for research and routine clinical practice. In this purpose, this article presents a hardware/software architecture for the acceleration of 3D backprojection based upon an efficient 2D backprojection. This architecture has been designed in order to provide a high level of parallelism thanks to an efficient management of the memory accesses which would have been otherwise strongly slowed by the external memory. The reconstruction system is embedded in a SoPC platform (System on Programmable Chip), the new generation of reconfigurable circuit. The originality of this architecture comes from the design of a 2D Adaptative and Predictive Cache (2D-AP Cache) which has proved to be an efficient way to overcome the memory access bottleneck. Thanks to a hierarchical use of this cache, several backprojection operators can run in parallel, accelerating in this manner noteworthy the reconstruction process. This 2D reconstruction system will next be used to speed up 3D image reconstruction.

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Performance characteristics of a new generation of processing circuits for PET applications

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

RF Transformer Coupled Multiplexing Circuits for APD PET Detectors

RF Transformer Coupled Multiplexing Circuits for APD PET Detectors

Waveform-Sampling Electronics for a Whole-Body Time-of-Flight PET Scanner

Hardware/software 2D-3D backprojection on a SoPC platform

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