Performance-based testing for hydrogen leakage into passenger vehicle compartments

Ekoto, Isaac; Merilo, Erik; Dedrick, Daniel E.; Groethe, M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.007

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Sustainability 2016, 8,944 11 of 17 the vessels were significantly higher than those observed from pipework because, unlike for pipework, leakage from all hole sizes was possible. For scenarios with leakage through large holes and ruptures, representative sizes of 102 and 406 mm were used, respectively.…”

Section: Leakage Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Even though an accident at an industrial facility would likely also carry significant financial risk, no analyses of costs arising from accidents in industrial facilities in Korea have been reported. The studies on risk analysis of the associated H2 gas have been mainly devoted to hazard evaluation by Event Tree Analysis [5] or extraordinary phenomena associated with the release of hydrogen in a hydrogen fueled vehicle [6][7][8]. However, little research has been reported that implements exemplar case studies to investigate the consequences of accidents related to H2 gas facilities.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial Risk Factor Analysis for Facility Gas Leakages of H2 and NG

Lee

Song

2016

Sustainability

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Fuel cells may be the key to a more environmentally-friendly future because they emit low carbon dioxide per unit of energy supplied. However, little work has investigated the potential financial risks pertaining to fuel cell systems. Often used in the analysis of the safety of systems involving flammable or hazardous materials, risk factor analysis has recently been used to analyze the potential financial losses that may occur from industrial hazards. Therefore, this work undertakes a financial risk factor analysis to determine the costs of leakages of hydrogen and natural gas, which are used in fuel cell systems. Total leakage was calculated from an analysis of several leakage rates and modes. The impact of applying appropriate detection and prevention systems was also investigated. The findings were then used to analyze the consequences for various sections of the system and to calculate the overall cost based on facility outage or damage, and the cost of taking safety precautions. This provides a basis for comparison among proposed potential reactionary measures.

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Section: Leakage Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Risk Factor Analysis for Facility Gas Leakages of H2 and NG

Lee

Song

2016

Sustainability

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“…In separate work, Sandia National Laboratories and SRI International evaluated a procedure to indirectly determine the hydrogen concentration in vehicle compartments by using oxygen sensors to monitor the displacement of oxygen in air [5]. This approach applies to helium and hydrogen, but has potential drawbacks, including a marginal lower detection limit (LDL) and limited analytical resolution, which lowers the accuracy of monitoring slight changes in hydrogen concentration.…”

Section: Addressing the Global Technical Regulation Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onboard Hydrogen/Helium Sensors in Support of the Global Technical Regulation: An Assessment of Performance in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Crash Tests

Post¹,

Burgess²,

Rivkin³

et al. 2012

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“…Papanikolaou et al [3] compared experimental and numerical results for hydrogen leakage inside a naturally ventilated garage using various codes with different models. Merilo et al [4,5] experimentally studied hydrogen leakage in a garage and also in passenger vehicle compartments. Most of these studies have focused on vehicles in parking garages, which is a significant concern because the hydrogen disperses more slowly and will concentrate in a small space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%