Performance-based everyday functional competence measures across the adult lifespan: the role of cognitive abilities

Borella, Erika; Cantarella, Alessandra; Joly, Emilie; Ghisletta, Paolo; Carbone, Elena; Coraluppi, Deborah; Piras, Federica; Béni, Rossana De

doi:10.1017/s1041610217000680

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An alternative hypothesis is that negative symptoms and working memory impairment may make social, occupational, and recreational activities more difficult, leading to withdrawal when tasks or interactions are perceived as too effortful and not sufficiently rewarding [44,[64][65][66]. Instrumental activities of daily living such as managing food preparation, household chores, and finances are complex tasks that involve keeping goals in mind and remembering details while planning and executing multi-step processes [67]. Not surprisingly, these tasks are associated with executive functions such as working memory [67,68], which require cognitive effort [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instrumental activities of daily living such as managing food preparation, household chores, and finances are complex tasks that involve keeping goals in mind and remembering details while planning and executing multi-step processes [67]. Not surprisingly, these tasks are associated with executive functions such as working memory [67,68], which require cognitive effort [42]. Social interactions similarly involve a complex set of processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

2020

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This study examined the association of spatial working memory and attenuated psychotic-like experiences and related symptoms with social and role functioning. Findings from this study suggest that symptom dimensions and working memory impairment were associated with diminished functioning across a variety of domains. Specifically, negative symptoms and working memory impairment were inversely associated with both social and role functioning, whereas positive and disorganized symptoms showed inverse associations with social functioning only. Symptom dimensions did not moderate cognitive and functional variables, although working memory and attenuated clinical symptoms had an additive effect on functioning. Post-hoc analyses examining symptom dimensions simultaneously showed negative symptoms to be the variable most strongly predictive of overall functioning. These findings suggest that even in a non-clinical sample, sub-threshold psychosis symptoms and cognition may influence people’s social and role functioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

2020

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“…Given the key cognitive systems encompassed within working memory, it is related to other cognitive processes, such as decision‐making and learning (Baddeley, ). Working memory is also related to everyday functioning in healthy individuals (Borella et al, ) and clinical groups (Hanlon et al, ). These everyday functions include inattention (Spencer‐Smith & Klingberg, ), academic achievement (Rogers, Hwang, Toplak, Weiss, & Tannock, ), and cognitive capacity in the flow of everyday life (Johansson & Tornmalm, ).…”

Section: The Importance and Definition Of “Working Memory”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review

Barkus

2020

PsyCh Journal

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Working memory training is widely used transdiagnostically to improve cognition. However, more recently, studies using working memory training packages have targeted emotion-regulation outcomes to determine whether far transfer effects can be achieved.A narrative review is conducted of studies that have used standardized computerized working memory training packages across healthy volunteers, affect, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disordered populations with emotion-regulation outcomes.Working memory training has been used in children, adolescents, and adults to improve emotion regulation. Many studies have reported gains in mood as well as emotion-regulation strategies following working memory training, regardless of clinical indication and whether near transfer gains were achieved in cognitive domains. Significant emotion-regulation outcomes include: state and trait anxiety, rumination, brooding, positive appraisal, decreasing maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies, and decreasing intrusive thoughts. It is speculated that these far transfer outcomes from working memory training are possible due to the cognitive and neural overlap between cognitive and affective working memory, and emotion regulation. Working memory training could improve cognitive efficiency, which, in turn, increases the availability of cognitive resources during times when emotion regulation is taxed. Future studies need to consider the role of participant expectancy in predicting outcome measure performance, and including subjective and objective outcomes is paramount to study design. Furthermore, sample sizes require additional attention, given that the current review highlights that individual differences in non-clinical and clinical populations influence the outcomes from working memory training. Working memory training offers a possibility for improving emotion regulation transdiagnostically.

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“…It has been well established that performance of aging adults decline on a number of cognitive tasks spanning multiple domains including working memory [103, 104], visuospatial abilities [105], and speed of information processing [106, 107]. Furthermore, more recent work has also highlighted age-related increases in intra-individual variability on a number of these tasks [108-110].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in Audiovisual Processing in Healthy Aging

Baum

Stevenson

2017

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review The integration of information across sensory modalities into unified percepts is a fundamental sensory process upon which a multitude of cognitive processes are based. We review the body of literature exploring aging-related changes in audiovisual integration published over the last five years. Specifically, we review the impact of changes in temporal processing, the influence of the effectiveness of sensory inputs, the role of working memory, and the newer studies of intra-individual variability during these processes. Recent Findings Work in the last five years on bottom-up influences of sensory perception has garnered significant attention. Temporal processing, a driving factors of multisensory integration, has now been shown to decouple with multisensory integration in aging, despite their co-decline with aging. The impact of stimulus effectiveness also changes with age, where older adults show maximal benefit from multisensory gain at high signal-to-noise ratios. Following sensory decline, high working memory capacities have now been shown to be somewhat of a protective factor against age-related declines in audiovisual speech perception, particularly in noise. Finally, newer research is emerging focusing on the general intra-individual variability observed with aging. Summary Overall, the studies of the past five years have replicated and expanded on previous work that highlights the role of bottom-up sensory changes with aging and their influence on audiovisual integration, as well as the top-down influence of working memory.

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Performance-based everyday functional competence measures across the adult lifespan: the role of cognitive abilities

Abstract: This study revealed age-related effects in performance-based measures, which are mediated by different cognitive abilities depending on the measure considered. The findings highlight the importance of assessing everyday functioning even in healthy older adults.

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review

Shifts in Audiovisual Processing in Healthy Aging

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