Performance assessment of different measured variables from onboard monitoring system to obtain the occupancy patterns of rooms in an office building

Díaz-Hernández, H.P.; Sánchez, M.N.; Olmedo, Rafael Pampillón; Villar-Ramos, M.M; Macías-Melo, E.V.; Aguilar-Castro, K.M.; Jiménez, M.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102676

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… Detection of variations in CO 2 measurements carried out by one sensor regarding a reference value obtained by itself. This technique has been successfully applied in several previous published works [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Calibrations of the sensors at least regarding a reference sensor just before each test campaign.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identified behaviour stresses the need to calibrate the sensors just before each test campaign or at least to identify an offset of each used device regarding a reference sensor if standardised calibrations are not feasible or their costs are unaffordable. Another alternative applied in previous research, valid in certain applications, is to skip these calibrations detecting variations in the CO 2 measurements by one sensor regarding a reference value obtained by itself [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the potential applications of the findings of this work are the experimental assessments of occupancy patterns and air renovation rates from the measurement of the metabolic CO 2 in the built environment. In this context, some previous research works have avoided the calibration of these sensors by detecting variations in CO 2 measurements carried out by one sensor regarding a reference value obtained by itself [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Further research on these applications incorporating the findings reported in this paper can contribute to improving the results of these previous works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some previous works have applied strategies to overcome the observed problems. One of these successful applications has been the assessment of the occupancy patterns in occupied spaces in office buildings [ 22 , 23 ] and schools [ 24 ], from the evolution of the CO 2 concentration related to the metabolic activity of the users. In these cases, the offset of the sensors did not affect the accuracy of the results, because the analysis was based on differences of measurements carried out by the same sensor and consequently cancelling the offset by means of the difference.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Assessment of a Set of CO2 Concentration Sensors in an In-Use Office Building

Lapuente

Jiménez

Sánchez

2022

Sensors

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The measurement of the CO2 concentration has a wide range of applications. Traditionally, it has been used to assess air quality, with other applications linked to the experimental assessment of occupancy patterns and air renewal rates. More recently, the worldwide dissemination of COVID-19 establishing a relationship between infection risk and the mean CO2 level has abruptly led to the measurement of the CO2 concentration in order to limit the spread of this respiratory disease in the indoor environment. Therefore, the extensive application of this measurement outside of traditional air quality assessment requires an in-depth analysis of the suitability of these sensors for such modern applications. This paper discusses the performance of an array of commercial wall-mounted CO2 sensors, focusing on their application to obtain occupancy patterns and air renovation rates. This study is supported by several long-term test campaigns conducted in an in-use office building located in south-eastern Spain. The results show a spread of 19–101 ppm, with a drift of 28 ppm over 5 years, an offset of 2–301 ppm and fluctuations up to 80 ppm in instantaneous measurements not related to concentration changes. It is proposed that values averaged over 30 min, using a suitable reference value, be used to avoid erroneous results when calibration is not feasible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Long-Term Assessment of a Set of CO2 Concentration Sensors in an In-Use Office Building

Lapuente

Jiménez

Sánchez

2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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Conceptualizing sustainable occupant behaviour in offices from an interdisciplinary point of view: A systematic review

Li,

Appel-Meulenbroek,

Arentze

et al. 2024

Energy and Built Environment

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Suitability Evaluation of Different Measured Variables to Assess the Occupancy Patterns of a Building: Analysis of a Classroom of a School in Madrid during the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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Building occupancy is one of the relevant variables to understand the energy performance of buildings and to reduce the current gap between simulation-based and actual energy performance. In this study, the occupancy of a classroom in an educational center monitored over a full year was experimentally assessed. The classroom had different occupancy levels during the school year, with a theoretical minimum of eleven students, and no occupancy during vacations and weekends. Different variables such as indoor air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, overall electrical energy consumption of the educational center, electrical energy consumption of the building in which the monitored classroom is located, and heating energy consumption were recorded. We analyzed which of these variables were possible indicators of classroom occupancy, using the school timetable as a theoretical reference value for the validation of the results. Based on previous studies, one-hour moving averages are used to better identify the occupancy patterns by smoothing the fluctuations that are not a consequence of a change in the classroom occupancy. Histograms of each variable are used to identify the variable ranges associated within the occupancy: occupied or empty. The concentration of CO2 and electric measurements, identified in previous works as suitable to assess the occupancy patterns of rooms like offices with lower levels of occupancy, are recognized as potential occupancy indicators. It is therefore concluded that a higher level of space occupancy does not affect the result, and the same variables are identified as potential occupancy indicators.

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Performance assessment of different measured variables from onboard monitoring system to obtain the occupancy patterns of rooms in an office building

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Long-Term Assessment of a Set of CO2 Concentration Sensors in an In-Use Office Building

Long-Term Assessment of a Set of CO2 Concentration Sensors in an In-Use Office Building

Conceptualizing sustainable occupant behaviour in offices from an interdisciplinary point of view: A systematic review

Suitability Evaluation of Different Measured Variables to Assess the Occupancy Patterns of a Building: Analysis of a Classroom of a School in Madrid during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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