Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media

Grace, Maebh A.; Healy, Mark G.; Clifford, Eoghan

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…BSFs mostly remove pathogens and unpleasant taste from water by virtue of biological processes taking place in a sand column 'covered' with a biofilm (termed as Schmutzdecke). These filtration systems have no specific vocation for the removal of chemical contaminations (e.g., As, F, U) [22,26,30,186]. A particular feature of BSFs is that dissolved oxygen is consumed in the upper layer of the filter, some 10 cm under the resting water (Schmutzdecke).…”

Section: Calling For Co-developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BSF is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for decentralized water treatment in the developing world. Efforts to optimize the efficiency of biosand filters are undergoing [30,57,[186][187][188][189][190][191][192].…”

Section: Calling For Co-developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All that is needed is (i) the readiness to improve own systems with a systematic approach, (ii) an initially efficient system, and (iii) a clear indication for users as to when to replace the candle. It is essential to recall that 'old' systems like BSF or ceramic filters are still in development [186,[190][191][192]234,235]. Accordingly, being a 'complication' of BSF, many design-related topics are yet to be addressed in further research efforts.…”

Section: Assessing the Efficiency Of Fe 0 Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

et al. 2017

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Metallic iron (Fe 0 )-based filtration systems have the potential to significantly contribute to the achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of substantially improving the human condition by 2030 through the provision of clean water. Recent knowledge on Fe 0 -based safe drinking water filters is addressed herein. They are categorized into two types: Household and community filters. Design criteria are recalled and operational details are given. Scientists are invited to co-develop knowledge enabling the exploitation of the great potential of Fe 0 filters for sustainable safe drinking water provision (and sanitation).

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Section: Calling For Co-developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calling For Co-developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing the Efficiency Of Fe 0 Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

et al. 2017

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“…As flocs tend to accumulate on the upper layers of biofilters, a higher head loss accumulation rate and shortened biofilter run times can be expected (Grace, Healy, & Clifford, ; Lauderdale et al, ). Grace et al () studied the clogging mechanism in slow sand biofilters and concluded that the organic matter build‐up mostly occurs in the upper layers (Grace et al, ). This is consistent with the findings of the higher head loss accumulation rate and shorter FRT not using sedimentation in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although FRT of biofilter 3 in coagulation-flocculation (C-F) was higher by 3.74 h (8%), it did not show any statistical significance (p = .52, ns). Error bars represent the standard deviation (Grace, Healy, & Clifford, 2016;Lauderdale et al, 2017). Grace et al (2016) studied the clogging mechanism in slow sand biofilters and concluded that the organic matter buildup mostly occurs in the upper layers (Grace et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentation: Hydraulic improvement of drinking water biofiltration

2019

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The performance of drinking water biofiltration systems is commonly measured by the effluent water quality and filter runtime (FRT). At constant flow rates, lower FRTs increase backwashing frequencies and thus lower water recovery and increase the water production cost. This study was conducted on a pilot scale in two parallel trains; one included sedimentation and one did not. Both trains have three matched filter columns. Sedimentation improved FRT by up to 30% and reduced head loss and head loss accumulation rate up to 29% and 35%, respectively. Natural organic matter removal remained unchanged. Adenosine triphosphate levels did not differ, while extracellular polymeric substance was reduced by 36%. In conclusion, sedimentation increased long‐term stability and reliability while reducing the backwash frequency, offering a robust approach for optimizing biofiltration performance. Potential operating cost savings have to be weighed versus the capital costs of retrofitting sedimentation in future studies.

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Pre‐filtration followed by slow double‐layered filtration: Media clogging effects on hydraulic aspects and water quality

Lunardi

Martins

Pizzolatti

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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This study evaluated clogging effects on head loss and water quality in sand prefiltration columns, followed by innovative double-layered slow-filter filtration technology using anthracite coal and sand. The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 (filtration rate 11 m 3 /m 2 Ád) had a layout of a pre-filter (PF) system followed by a slow filter (SF). In Phase 2 (filtration rates of 5.5 and 11 m 3 /m 2 Ád), two PF systems (PF1 and PF2) followed by SFs (SF1 and SF2) were monitored, be differed only by filtration rate. Phase 1 presents a mean turbidity removal of 45.6% in PF and 23.9% in SF. PF presented a lower head loss in the superficial layers of the filter media, whereas SF presented a more important contribution in the deeper layers of the bed. In Phase 2, the mean results obtained for turbidity removal in PF1 and SF1 were 84.7% and 22.4%, in that order. PF2 and SF2 promoted mean reductions of 84.5% and 22.0%, respectively. Greater clogging is observed in the PF's surface layers, whereas the SFs dissipate greater clogging with depth. Filtration rates and water quality were similar in filter media of different compositions. Practitioner Points• Double-layer filters show better use of the porous media in depth.• Different materials produce different forms of clogging. • Higher filtration rates increase the number of pre-filter and slow filter runs.

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Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media

Cited by 32 publications

References 57 publications

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

Sedimentation: Hydraulic improvement of drinking water biofiltration

Pre‐filtration followed by slow double‐layered filtration: Media clogging effects on hydraulic aspects and water quality

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