Performance and Phenotypic Stability of Norway Spruce Provenances, Families, and Clones Growing under Diverse Climatic Conditions in Four Nordic Countries

Skrøppa, Tore; Steffenrem, Arne

doi:10.3390/f12020230

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…They showed that for height growth, genetic variation is lower in populations exposed to severe cold extreme events. This finding was also reported by Skrøppa and Steffenrem (2021) in a study involving Nordic, Central, and Eastern European provenances of Norway spruce. Archambeau et al (2021) additionally showed that genetic variation from populations of genetically mixed provenances was not influenced by gene flow that might be thought to increase genetic variation.…”

Section: Extreme Eventssupporting

confidence: 85%

Transformative changes in tree breeding for resilient forest restoration

Ray¹,

Berlin²,

Alı́a³

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Deciding how to establish woodland in forest restoration is not straightforward as different outcomes may be obtained from different establishment approaches, each with cost implications and degree of success limitations attached. Planning restoration requires knowledge of site conditions, including how sites are likely to respond under climate change. For objectives of production and high timber quality it is likely that ground preparation will be used, and planting with forest reproductive material (FRM) of known traits, such as: high survival and growth in establishment, drought tolerance adequate for climate projections, good resistance to pests and pathogens. For objectives associated with biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water supply protection, soil protection, natural regeneration could be a less costly solution with a limited amount of assisted translocation of selected FRM to improve resilience. If objectives are for rewilding forest areas, a degree of natural colonisation perhaps with translocation of some FRM could be a solution. Ignoring site conditions and suitability of available sources of FRM for forest restoration is likely to provide unexpected results with a mix of open ground, scrub and scattered trees resulting from climate, herbivore, and browsing impacts. The recent B4EST EU Horizon 2020 project examined progress in novel rapid approaches for testing the quality of FRM from existing genetic trials. Here we review the work of B4EST to show the opportunities from transformative tree breeding in forest restoration schemes, including: new climate projection ensembles at high temporal and spatial resolution to develop norms of reaction and transfer models with genetic components; multi-environment genotype-phenotype associations and multi-locus genotype-environment associations in identifying drivers of local adaptation; techniques for genomic selection using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to derive functional traits from polygenic associations; work on seed orchard site and climate specific FRM and zones for deployment; and work on some of the forest ecosystem service benefits derived at a landscape scale. We conclude that tree-breeding will provide robust forest restoration for planting, and rewilding (assisted natural regeneration), and if not “ignoring” but instead assisting natural colonisation processes – tree breeding may improve long-term forest resilience under environmental change.

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Section: Extreme Eventssupporting

confidence: 85%

Transformative changes in tree breeding for resilient forest restoration

Ray¹,

Berlin²,

Alı́a³

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…A similar trend has occurred in Douglas-fir breeding in France, which currently prioritises phenology, architecture, branching patterns, and wood density over growth (Bastien et al 2021). In Nordic breeding programmes of Norway spruce and Scots pine, increased adaptive performance and phenotypic plasticity across environments (Danell 1993, Skrøppa & Steffenrem 2021) are now given more attention.…”

Section: Breeding Objectives and Selected Traitsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Prospects for evolution in European tree breeding

Fugeray-Scarbel,

Bouffier,

Lemarié

et al. 2024

iForest

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Genetically improved forest reproductive materials are now widely accessible in many European countries due to decades of continuous breeding efforts. Tree breeding does not only contribute to higher-value end products but allows an increase in the rate of carbon capture and sequestration, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. The usefulness of breeding programmes depends on (i) the relevance of the set of selected traits and their relative weights (growth, drought tolerance, phenology, etc.); (ii) the explicit management of targeted and "neutral" diversity; (iii) the genetic gain achieved; and (iv) the efficiency of transferring diversity and gain to the plantation. Several biological factors limit both operational breeding and mass reproduction. To fully realise the potential of tree breeding, the introduction of new technologies and concepts is pivotal for overcoming these constraints. We reviewed several European breeding programmes, examining their current status and factors that are likely to influence tree breeding in the coming decades. The synthesis was based on case studies developed for the European Union-funded B4EST project, which focused on eight economically important tree species with breeding histories and intensities ranging from low-input breeding (stone pine, Douglas-fir and ash) to more complex programmes (eucalyptus, maritime pine, Norway spruce, poplar, and Scots pine). Tree breeding for these species is managed in a variety of ways due to differences in species' biology, breeding objectives, and economic value. Most programmes are managed by governmental institutes with full or partial public support because of the relatively late return on investment. Eucalyptus is the only tree species whose breeding is entirely sponsored and managed by a private company. Several new technologies have emerged for both phenotyping and genotyping. They have the potential to speed up breeding processes and make genetic evaluations more accurate, thereby reducing costs and increasing genetic gains per unit of time. In addition, genotyping has allowed the explicit control of genetic diversity in selected populations with great precision. The continuing advances in tree genomics are expected to revolutionise tree breeding by moving it towards genomic-based selection, a perspective that requires new types of skills that are not always available in the institutions hosting the programmes. We therefore recognise the importance of promoting coordination and collaboration between the many groups involved in breeding. Climate change is expected to bring in new pests and diseases and increase the frequency of extreme weather events such as late frosts and prolonged droughts. Such stresses will

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“…This indicates that meteorological factors have a certain impact on growth [32,33]. The correlation of meteorological factors and growth rhythm can be a useful supplement when selecting superior and stable genotypes [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Rhythm Analysis of Young Stand and Selection of Superior Families in Choerospondias axillaris

Guang-you

et al. 2022

Forests

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As an important source of medicine, food, and high-quality wood, Choerospondias axillaris has been widely planted in South China. However, few studies of its growth traits and rhythm and concerning the selection of superior provenances/families were developed. In this study, 77 families from five provenances were studied and grouped. Tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown width within and between rows were measured. The relevance between growth traits and environmental factors was also analyzed. The results showed the height, DBH, and crown width within and between rows were divided into slow, mean, and fast growth periods, which was significantly related with sunshine hours in earlier months. Next, monthly rainfall showed an extremely positive correlation with the increase in tree height, DBH, and plant volume. Then, the monthly volume increment had a significantly positive correlation with five meteorological factors, excluding sunshine hours with increasing months, while the monthly growth of tree height and crown width within and between rows was significantly negatively correlated with sunshine hours. Based on these results, the superior families No. 15, 76, and 56, which originated from the Raoping provenance, were selected for their fast growth and available adaptation. These results provided the reliable growth rhythm of a young C. axillaris stand, which established a basis for fertilizing and forest tending. During these processes, meteorological factors, especially humidity and sunshine duration, had important effects on growth, implying that the external climate should be paid more attention to promote fast growth and prevent diseases and insect pests. Moreover, selecting superior families was helpful to further breeding and plantation.

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Performance and Phenotypic Stability of Norway Spruce Provenances, Families, and Clones Growing under Diverse Climatic Conditions in Four Nordic Countries

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Transformative changes in tree breeding for resilient forest restoration

Transformative changes in tree breeding for resilient forest restoration

Prospects for evolution in European tree breeding

Growth Rhythm Analysis of Young Stand and Selection of Superior Families in Choerospondias axillaris

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