Performance and Pacing of Age Groups in Half-Marathon and Marathon

Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros; Čuk, Ivan; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat

doi:10.3390/ijerph16101777

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This notable sex difference may thus indicate that males started the race being more ambitious, while females adopted a more cautious attitude [54,55,58]. This observation was not previously seen by Nikolaidis and cols (2019) [9], probably because they split the race distance into 10 km sectors and not in 5 km sectors as we did in this work. Having shorter sections allowed us to observe changes in running pace and intensity in greater detail.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Using Accelerometry for Evaluating Energy Consumption and Running Intensity Distribution Throughout a Marathon According to Sex

Domingo

Hernando

Martínez-Navarro

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The proportion of females participating in long-distance races has been increasing in the last years. Although it is well-known that there are differences in how females and males face a marathon, higher research may be done to fully understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting sex differences in endurance performance. In this work, we used triaxial accelerometer devices to monitor 74 males and 14 females, aged 30 to 45 years, who finished the Valencia Marathon in 2016. Moreover, marathon split times were provided by organizers. Several physiological traits and training habits were collected from each participant. Then, we evaluated several accelerometry- and pace-estimated parameters (pacing, average change of speed, energy consumption, oxygen uptake, running intensity distribution and running economy) in female and male amateur runners. In general, our results showed that females maintained a more stable pacing and ran at less demanding intensity throughout the marathon, limiting the decay of running pace in the last part of the race. In fact, females ran at 4.5% faster pace than males in the last kilometers. Besides, their running economy was higher than males (consumed nearly 19% less relative energy per distance) in the last section of the marathon. Our results may reflect well-known sex differences in physiology (i.e., muscle strength, fat metabolism, VO2max), and in running strategy approach (i.e., females run at a more conservative intensity level in the first part of the marathon compared to males). The use of accelerometer devices allows coaches and scientific community to constantly monitor a runner throughout the marathon, as well as during training sessions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Using Accelerometry for Evaluating Energy Consumption and Running Intensity Distribution Throughout a Marathon According to Sex

Domingo

Hernando

Martínez-Navarro

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Furthermore, the performance level of athletes seems to play an essential role in pacing during running competitions. More experienced, faster runners are more constant pacers independent of the running distance, as shown in several studies [ 16 , 18 ]. Competing in the UTMB ® involves running on a rougher terrain than in most half-marathons, marathons, or even ultramarathons with over 10,000 m of vertical gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Aging seems to have a significant effect on pacing in endurance sports, and many studies have shown varying pacing strategies for different age groups in marathon and half-marathon runners [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Runners with age older than 30 years appear to have a more even distribution of pacing throughout a marathon when compared with younger contestants [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019

Suter

Sousa

Hill

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little is known about the impact of those factors on pacing strategies in ultramarathon trail running. This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and performance level on pacing in the UTMB® (Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc) and aimed to verify previous findings obtained in the research on other running disciplines and other ultramarathon races. Data from the UTMB® from 2008 to 2019 for 13,829 race results (12,681 men and 1148 women) were analyzed. A general linear model (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) was applied to identify a sex, age group, and interaction effect in pace average and pace variation. A univariate model (one-way ANOVA) was used to identify a sex effect for age, pace average, and pace variation for the fastest men and women. In our study, pace average and a steadier pace were positively correlated. Even pacing throughout the UTMB® correlated with faster finishing times. The average pace depended significantly on sex and age group. When considering the top five athletes in each age group, sex and age group also had significant effects on pace variation. The fastest women were older than the fastest men, and the fastest men were faster than the fastest women. Women had a higher pace variation than men. In male competitors, younger age may be advantageous for a successful finish of the UTMB®. Faster male runners seemed to be younger in ultramarathon trail running with large changes in altitude when compared to other distances and terrains.

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“…15 Marathon runners have more decline in pace during the event, which was confirmed in the current study. 16,17 Furthermore, Haney et al showed that slower marathon finishers had more decline in pace than faster marathon finishers. 18 This seems to suggest the relation between a high training volume, and a fast finish time is due to less decline in pace.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training for a (half‐)marathon: Training volume and longest endurance run related to performance and running injuries

Fokkema

Damme

Fornerod

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Objective Examine the associations of training volume and longest endurance run with (half‐)marathon performance and running‐related injuries (RRIs) in recreational runners. Materials and Methods During the preparation for and directly after the running event, 556 participants of a half marathon and 441 participants of a marathon completed three questionnaires on RRIs, average weekly training volume and the longest endurance run. With finish time, decline in pace during the running event and RRIs as dependent variables, linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associations with weekly training volume and the longest endurance run. Results In half‐marathon runners, a high training volume (>32 km/wk) (β −4.19, 95% CI: −6.52;−1.85) and a long endurance run (>21 km) (β −3.87, 95% CI: −6.31;‐−1.44) were associated with a faster finish time, while a high training volume (β −1.81, 95% CI: −3.49;−0.12) and a long endurance run (β −1.89, 95% CI: −3.65;−0.12) were also related to less decline in pace. In marathon runners, a low training volume (<40 km/wk) was related to a slower finish time (β 6.33, 95% CI: 0.18;12.48) and a high training volume (>65 km/wk) to a faster finish time (β −14.09, 95% CI: −22.47;−5.72), while a longest endurance run of <25 km was associated with a slower finish time (β 13.44, 95% CI: 5.34;21.55). No associations between training characteristics and RRIs were identified. Conclusions Preparation for a (half‐)marathon with a relatively high training volume and long endurance runs associates with a faster finish time, but does not seem related to an increased injury risk.

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Performance and Pacing of Age Groups in Half-Marathon and Marathon

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Using Accelerometry for Evaluating Energy Consumption and Running Intensity Distribution Throughout a Marathon According to Sex

Using Accelerometry for Evaluating Energy Consumption and Running Intensity Distribution Throughout a Marathon According to Sex

Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019

Training for a (half‐)marathon: Training volume and longest endurance run related to performance and running injuries

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