Performance and operational feasibility of antigen and antibody rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in Cameroon: a clinical, prospective, diagnostic accuracy study

Boum, Yap; Fai, Karl Njuwa; Nikolay, Birgit; Mboringong, Akenji Blaise; Bebell, Lisa M.; Ndifon, Mark; Abbah, A; Essaka, Rachel; Eteki, Lucrèce; Luquero, Francisco J.; Langendorf, Céline; Mbarga, Nicole Fouda; Essomba, René Ghislain; Buri, Bongkiyung Donald; Corine, Tchoula Mamiafo; Kameni, Bertrand Tchualeu; Mandeng, Nadia; Fanne, Mahamat; Bisseck, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kani; Ndongmo, Clement B.; Eyangoh, Sara; Hamadou, Achta; Ouamba, Jean Patrick; Koku, Modeste Tamakloé; Njouom, Richard; Claire, Okomo Marie; Esso, Linda; Epée, Emilienne; Mballa, Georges Alain Etoundi

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00132-8

Cited by 87 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A retrospective study conducted by Yuri et al highlights the diagnostic value of immunoassay-based detection of serum N antigen in combination with its respective antibodies (22). Boum et al (27) evaluated an algorithm that combined antigen rapid diagnostic test screening with antibody rapid diagnostic test screening for antigen negative, followed by PCR confirmation of IgM positive samples. However, this case identification strategy had only 34% with a slightly higher sensitivity than PCR alone, but with a specificity of 92.0% and a lower positive predictive value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance of SARS-Cov-2N Protein Antigen Chemiluminescence Immunoassay as Frontline Testing for Acute Phase COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Deng

Pan

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Objectives: COVID-19 emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world. Testing strategies focussing on patients with COVID-19 require assays that are high-throughput, low-risk of infection, and with small sample volumes. Antigen surveillance can be used to identify exposure to pathogens and measure acute infections.Methods: A total of 914 serum samples, collected from 309 currently infected COVID-19 patients, 48 recovered ones, and 410 non-COVID-19 patients, were used to measure N protein antigen levels by a chemilumineseent immunoassay. Diagnostic performances were analyzed in different periods after onset.Results: There was a high level of N protein antigen in COVID-19 patients (0.56 COI), comparing to the recovered patients (0.12 COI) and controls (0.19 COI). In receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve of serum N protein antigen was 0.911 in the first week after onset. In this period, Sensitivity and specificity of serologic N protein antigen testing was 76.27 and 98.78%. Diagnosis performance of specific antibodies became better from the third week after onset. Subgroup analysis suggested that severe patients had higher levels of antigens than mild patients.Conclusions: High level of serum antigen suggested early infection and serious illness. Serum N protein antigen testing by chemiluminescence immunoassay is considered as a viable assay used to improve diagnostic sensitivity for current patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance of SARS-Cov-2N Protein Antigen Chemiluminescence Immunoassay as Frontline Testing for Acute Phase COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Deng

Pan

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“…This supports the use of DBS in large-scale SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies as a valuable alternative to venipuncture, especially in the elderly, where venous blood can be challenging to obtain. In comparison to serological rapid tests, which can also be implemented in large-scale SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiological studies, DBS offer higher sensitivity, specificity and the possibility to (semi-)quantitatively asses the antibody response (15). Moreover, DBS have the advantage to collect and store the sample for multiple analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dried blood spots and venous blood for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of nursing home residents

Meyers

Heytens

Formukong

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, testing for SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies is paramount to monitor immune responses in post-authorization vaccination and sero-epidemiology studies. However, large scale and iterative serological testing by venipuncture in older persons can be challenging. Capillary blood sampled using a finger prick and collected on protein saver cards, i.e. dried blood spots (DBS), has already proven to be a promising alternative. However, elderly persons have a reduced cutaneous microvasculature, which may affect DBS-based antibody testing. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance of DBS for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in nursing homes residents. We collected venous blood and paired Whatman and EUROIMMUN DBS from nursing home residents, and from staff as a reference population. Venous blood samples were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using the Abbot chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). DBS were analyzed by the EUROIMMUN enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. We performed a statistical assessment to optimize the ELISA cut-off value for the DBS using the Youden's J index. A total of 273 paired DBS-serum samples were analyzed, of which 129 were positive as assessed by the reference test. The sensitivities and specificities of DBS ranged from 95% to 97.1% and from 97.1% to 98.8%, respectively, depending on population (residents or staff) or DBS card type. These results demonstrate that DBS sampling is a valid alternative to venepuncture for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the elderly.

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“…While LFA testing is inexpensive and quick, its effect in reducing transmission may be comparable to a 14-day quarantine, when used as daily serial testing accompanied by isolation of positive individuals Q9 (Quilty et al, 2021). LFA testing is a critical component in the response against COVID-19 pandemic especially in resource-limited settings (Boum et al, 2021).…”

Section: Dynamic Of the Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of timely contact tracing — A simulation study

Mettler

Park

Özbek

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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BACKGROUND While the role of contact tracing in the containment of the COVID-19 epidemic remains important until vaccines are widely available, literature on objectively measurable indicators for the effectiveness of contact tracing is scarce. We suggest the diagnostic serial interval, the time between the diagnosis of the infector and infectee, as a new indicator for the effectiveness of contact tracing. METHODS Using an agent-based simulation model, we demonstrate how the diagnostic serial interval correlates with the course of the epidemic. We consider four scenarios of how diagnosis and subsequent isolation are triggered: 1. never, 2. by symptoms, 3. by symptoms and loose contact tracing, 4. by symptoms and tight contact tracing. We further refine scenario 3 and 4 with different lengths of target diagnostic serial intervals. RESULTS Scenarios 1 and 2 did not yield a notable difference. In scenarios 3 and 4, however, contact tracing led to a decrease of the height of the epidemic as well as the cumulative proportion of infected agents. Generally, the shorter the diagnostic serial interval was, the smaller the peak of the epidemic became, and the more proportion of the population remained susceptible at the end of the epidemic. CONCLUSION A short target diagnosis interval is critical for contact tracing to be effective in the epidemic control. The diagnosis interval can be used to assess and guide the contact tracing strategy.

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Performance and operational feasibility of antigen and antibody rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in Cameroon: a clinical, prospective, diagnostic accuracy study

Cited by 87 publications

References 17 publications

High Performance of SARS-Cov-2N Protein Antigen Chemiluminescence Immunoassay as Frontline Testing for Acute Phase COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

High Performance of SARS-Cov-2N Protein Antigen Chemiluminescence Immunoassay as Frontline Testing for Acute Phase COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Comparison of dried blood spots and venous blood for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of nursing home residents

The importance of timely contact tracing — A simulation study

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