Performance and emission characteristics of small agricultural diesel engine using Lemongrass oil and its diesel blends

Investigation of the Influence of Different Vegetable Oils as a Component of Blended Biofuel on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine for Agricultural Machinery and Commercial Vehicles

“…The increase in NOx emissions with using various biodiesels and their blends with petroleum DF has been experimentally recorded in a large number of stud -ies [3,5,15,16,19,27,29,30,33,35,36,42,45,63,66,72]. The increase in NOx emissions on average ranged from 4.3-11.9% [16] to a maximum of almost 80.5% [3].…”

“…Experimental results obtained in most cases showed reductions in emissions of harmful substances. This mainly refers to emissions of CO, HC, and particulate matter (smoke) [1][2][3]15,24,27,33,36,42,50,52,60,66,72]. Due to the use of biodiesel, reductions in CO emissions of 13% [53], 13.8% [67], 5-15% [61], 25% [19], 28.6% [30], 34.28% [3], 35% [45], 36% [72], 4-38% [29], 50.47% [60], 51% [26], and 60.3% [35] have been experimentally achieved.…”

“…This mainly refers to emissions of CO, HC, and particulate matter (smoke) [1][2][3]15,24,27,33,36,42,50,52,60,66,72]. Due to the use of biodiesel, reductions in CO emissions of 13% [53], 13.8% [67], 5-15% [61], 25% [19], 28.6% [30], 34.28% [3], 35% [45], 36% [72], 4-38% [29], 50.47% [60], 51% [26], and 60.3% [35] have been experimentally achieved. Moreover, CO emissions decrease as the concentration of biodiesel in blended fuels increases [45].…”

“…Based on this, Valente OS et al [57] concluded that it is necessary to optimize the fuel injection system to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Due to the use of biodiesel, significant reductions in exhaust smoke (emissions of particulate matter) of 11-16% [61], 15.8% [48], 22% [42], 25% [72], 32.9% [60], 26-42% [53], 45.6% [13], and 51.0% [3] have also been experimentally obtained.…”

“…In general, experimental studies of the performance and emission characteristics of engines operating on biodiesels were carried out with a wide range (from 5% to 90%) of volume fraction of various vegetable oils, wherein the studies were conducted for different engines: liquid [7,17,18,46,52,53,61,62,65,67] and air [3,6,26,33,37,38,50,66,72] cooling, single-cylinder [3][4][5][6]13,16,18,26,33,35,37,38,43,44,46,49,51,60,64,66,71,72] and multicylinder [7,15,17,52,53,58,61,62,…”