Performance and Effect of Load Mitigation of a Trailing-Edge Flap in a Large-Scale Offshore Wind Turbine

Cai, Xin; Wang, Shaobin; Xu, Bo; Feng, Jianmei

doi:10.3390/jmse8020072

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092094 2 TEFs function by modifying the aerofoils camber line, an increased camber results in an increase in lift, whereas a decrease camber results in lower lift values [9]. Two types of TEF mechanisms exist, one is the discrete flap (hinged type) and the other is the adaptive trailing edge geometry (morphing type).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and Integration of Piezoelectric Trimorph Actuators for Blade Active Surface Control on a Scaled Wind Turbine

Fuentes Holden,

Gan,

Sims-Williams

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The paper investigates the integration of piezoelectric bending actuators on trailing edge flaps (TEF). The characterisation of piezoelectric actuators is of great importance due to differences in performance resulting from sample variability, actuator construction, circuit type and equipment. For the application of trailing edge flaps in scaled turbines, the total deflection these actuators can produce determines the possible flap angles and, consequently, the potential effects on wake evolution downwind of the wind turbine. In this paper, we fully characterise the performance of the piezoelectric bending actuator under a variety of operating conditions. The bridged bi-polar circuit is used to drive the piezoelectric actuators with both a static and a dynamic signal. Deflection results demonstrate that the piezoelectric actuator is capable of achieving flap angles of β ± 3° with a static signal, and β = 2.3° and β = −3.2° angles with a dynamic signal. Experimental force measurements using a dynamic signal result in a force reduction of up to 33% when compared to a static signal. Force values at increasing frequencies do not show a depreciation in force. Additionally, initial aerodynamic loads exerted on TEF are presented based on XFoil simulations to ensure that the piezoelectric actuating force can overcome aerodynamic loads for future experiments. Experimental force measurements from the piezoelectric actuator demonstrate that aerodynamic forces can be overcome. This work serves as the first step towards implementing the TEF technology in lab-scaled wind turbine models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and Integration of Piezoelectric Trimorph Actuators for Blade Active Surface Control on a Scaled Wind Turbine

Fuentes Holden,

Gan,

Sims-Williams

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…They emphasized that by increasing the deflection angle of the flap, the HAWT performance improved and then started to decline slightly, which was caused by stall characteristic improvement, especially near the tip region. Cai et al 24 to address significant offshore HAWT load fluctuations, introduced the trailing edge flap. By examining the wake flow field and blade load using the flap, they found that its impact is particularly effective at high wind speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement of horizontal axis wind turbines using curved gurney flap: 3D numerical investigation

Sedighi,

Akbarzadeh,

Salavatipour

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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The impact of curved Gurney flaps on the performance of a 660 kW V47 horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is analyzed in this study. The trailing edge of the turbine blades is passively modified by curved flaps. The continuity and momentum equations are solved using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver and Shear-Stress-Transport turbulent model. The effect of the direction and radius of curved flaps on the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine (torque and power generation, flow separation, and thrust loads) is examined. The study examines how the curved flap’s performance on HAWT is affected by the blade pitch angle ([Formula: see text]) and wind speed ([Formula: see text]). According to the results, curve flaps have a positive impact on the output torque at lower pitch angles ([Formula: see text]). The average torque increase for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is 3.7% for curve flaps, while it is only 2.9% for flat flaps. This conclusion is not valid for higher pitch angles ([Formula: see text]) where the flap disrupts the aerodynamic performance. Further, the use of curve flaps with the radius of [Formula: see text] (inward-type) can improve the torque produced (up to [Formula: see text]) compared to other curved flaps and even flat flaps, especially around the nominal operating point. This conclusion is valid for [Formula: see text], while for higher pitch angles, the flat Gurney flap has better performance generally.

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“…The single capacity of wind turbines has grown by nearly 30 times since 1985, and wind turbines' diameter has also increased rapidly, and this growth trend will continue [1][2][3]. Due to the national carbon peak and carbon neutral strategy, many new wind turbine products have emerged in China in the past few years, and the blade lengths of those wind turbines normally exceed 80 m, while some even reach 100 m. With the blade length's increase, the blade's flexibility also increases, and the deformation of flexible blade under aerodynamic loads will be greater [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Tower Clearance Safety Protection during Extreme Gust Based on Wind Turbine Monitoring Data

et al. 2022

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Large-scale wind turbines often face the problem of tower clearance safety under extreme gust conditions. Since gust intensity is positively correlated with the change rate of the generator’s speed, a gust identification method is proposed based on wind turbine monitoring data. Furthermore, a novel tower clearance safety protection strategy is proposed, which superimposes some additional speed requirements on the basis of normal pitch rate when identifying extreme gust so as to alleviate the dynamic response of the wind turbine. Simulations and comparison of a 5 MW wind turbine, before and after applying the new strategy, showed that the new strategy can induce an increase in pitch angle for the wind turbine and, simultaneously, avoids the emergency stop caused by the generator’s overspeed. Meanwhile, when the new strategy is adopted, the blade tip’s deformation and the load on the top of the tower are reduced by 19.9% and 52.2%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed strategy can not only protect the safety of the wind turbine but it also reduces costs.

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Performance and Effect of Load Mitigation of a Trailing-Edge Flap in a Large-Scale Offshore Wind Turbine

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Characterisation and Integration of Piezoelectric Trimorph Actuators for Blade Active Surface Control on a Scaled Wind Turbine

Characterisation and Integration of Piezoelectric Trimorph Actuators for Blade Active Surface Control on a Scaled Wind Turbine

Performance improvement of horizontal axis wind turbines using curved gurney flap: 3D numerical investigation

Study of Tower Clearance Safety Protection during Extreme Gust Based on Wind Turbine Monitoring Data

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