Performance and competitive displacement of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED cryptic species on different host plants

Watanabe, Luís Fernando Maranho; Bello, Vinicius Henrique; Marchi, Bruno Rossitto De; Silva, Felipe Barreto da; Fusco, Lucas Machado; Sartori, M. M. P.; Pavan, Marcelo Agenor; Krause‐Sakate, Renate

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104860

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In conclusion, our results suggest that in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil, MED is now found on vegetable crops both in greenhouses and under open field conditions, and ToCV-infected and ToSRV-infected plants were associated to this species. These results reinforce that MED is a real concern for Brazilian agriculture, because it has a great performance and can displace MEAM1 in some important crops (Watanabe et al ., 2019), is a good vector of important viruses found in Brazil, and is less susceptible to insecticides than MEAM1 (Horowitz and Kontsedalov, 2004; Kontsedalov et al ., 2012; Yao et al ., 2017). Then, the management of B. tabaci should be performed according to which whitefly species is present in the area, in order to ensure a better control as well as to limit the spreading of MED species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean species in vegetable crops in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil

Bello

Watanabe

Fusco

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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AbstractThe whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most important agricultural pests and virus vectors worldwide. Bemisia tabaci is considered a complex of cryptic species with at least 44 species. Among them, the species Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1, formerly B biotype) and Mediterranean (MED, formerly Q biotype) are the most important, and they have attained global status. In Brazil, MEAM1 was first reported in the 1990s and is currently the predominant species in the country, meanwhile, MED was recently reported in the South and Southeast regions and was found to be mainly associated with ornamental plants. Currently, an increasing problem in the management of whitefly infestations in greenhouses associated with bell pepper was observed in São Paulo State, Brazil. The whiteflies were collected and identified based on a microsatellite locus (primer pair BEM23F and BEM23R) and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing. We observed that MED was the predominant species collected on bell pepper, but it was also found on tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and weeds grown in greenhouses. In open field, we found MED on tomatoes, bell peppers, and eggplants. In addition, MED was identified in Goiás State in association with ornamental plants. The begomovirus Tomato severe rugose virus and the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus was detected on bell pepper and tomato, respectively. Only MED specimens were found associated with the virus-infected plants. Moreover, we also investigated the endosymbionts present in the MED whiteflies. The collected populations of B. tabaci MED harbored a diversity of secondary endosymbionts, with Hamiltonella (H) found predominantly in 89 specimens of the 129 tested. These results represent a new concern for Brazilian agriculture, especially for the management of the newly introduced whitefly MED species, which must be implemented to limit the spreading and establishment of this pest in different crops in this country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean species in vegetable crops in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil

Bello

Watanabe

Fusco

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…The fact that we collected BtMEAM1 nymphs at several locations suggests that this process may already be under way. We also detected BtMED, a worrying result given the recent introduction of this species in the Brazil and its potential to displace other species, including BtMEAM1 (93)(94)(95). BtMED has disseminated quickly in the country, mainly in association with ornamental plants in greenhouses (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…reported the presence of Aleurothrixus aepim and Trialeurodes manihoti colonizing cassava in the state of Rio de Janeiro.Although we did not analyze samples from that region, the failure to detect these species in other states suggests a restricted occurrence. Moreover, morphological characters alone are not always sufficient to classify whiteflies at the species level, and additional studies using molecular tools are needed to assess these molecularly uncharacterized whiteflies species(99).Host suitability has been shown to be an important factor influencing the competitive capacity among species of the B. tabaci complex(94,95,100).Watanabe, Bello (95 ) demonstrated that displacement capacity between two invasive B. tabaci species was dependent on host suitability. While BtMEAM1 displaced BtMED only on tomato, BtMED displaced BtMEAM1 on sweet pepper and common bean.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing whitefly diversity to infer about begomovirus dynamics in cassava in Brazil

Xavier

Nogueira

Bello

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Plant virus ecology is strongly dependent on that of its vector. The necessity of a competent vector for transmission is a primary ecological factor driving the host range expansion of plant arthropod-borne viruses, with vectors playing an essential role in promoting disease emergence. Cassava begomoviruses severely constrain cassava production in Africa. Curiously, begomoviruses have never been reported in cassava in South America, the center of origin for this crop. It has been hypothesized that the absence of a competent begomoviruses vector that efficiently colonizes cassava is the reason why begomoviruses have not emerged in South America. To test this hypothesis, we performed a country-wide whitefly diversity study in cassava in Brazil. Adults and/or nymphs of whiteflies were collected from sixty-six cassava fields across twelve states representing the main agroecological zones of the country. A total of 1,385 individuals were genotyped based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequences. A high species richness was observed, with five previously described species and two putative new ones. The most prevalent species were Tetraleurodes acaciae and Bemisia tuberculata, representing over 75% of the analyzed individuals. Although we detected, for the first time, the presence of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (BtMEAM1) colonizing cassava in Brazil, it was not prevalent. The species composition varied across regions, with fields in the Northeast region showing a higher diversity. These results expand our knowledge of whitefly diversity in cassava and support the hypothesis that begomovirus epidemics have not occurred in cassava in Brazil due to the absence of competent vector populations. However, they indicate an ongoing adaptation process of BtMEAM1 to cassava, increasing the likelihood of begomovirus emergence in this crop in the near future.

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“…It seems likely that the reproductive interference between MEAM1 and MED does not explain the fact that MEAM1 is displaced by MED. Finally, host plants may to some extent mediate the competition displacement between MEAM1 and MED, which depends on the relative levels of plant suitability to either whitefly species (Sun et al ., 2013; Jiao et al ., 2014; Pan et al ., 2015; 2018; Watanabe et al ., 2019). Laboratory studies indicate that MEAM1 displaces MED on cotton, tomato, cabbage and cucumber, whereas MED displace MEAM1 on pepper and common bean (Sun et al ., 2013; Jiao et al ., 2014; Pan et al ., 2015; 2018; Watanabe et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behavior explains the different effects of cabbage on MEAM1 and MED cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci

Yang

Liu

et al. 2020

Insect Science

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MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1, "B" biotype) and MED (Mediterranean, "Q" biotype) are the two most destructive cryptic species of the Bemisia tabaci complex on the planet. Our previous studies have shown that MEAM1 outcompetes MED on cabbage; the underlying mechanism is unknown. In the Brassicaceae family, the glucosinolatemyrosinase defense system plays a crucial role in deterring feeding, inhibiting growth, and causing acute toxicity against a wide range of generalist herbivores. In the present study, we first compared the survival of MEAM1 and MED exposed to sinigrin (a glucosinolate) and myrosinase (an enzyme that degrades glucosinolates); we found that survival of both species was high in response to sinigrin alone but was near zero in response to sinigrin + myrosinase. We then used electropenetrography (electrical penetration graphs, EPG) to assess the feeding behaviors of MEAM1 and MED whiteflies on cabbage. The EPG results revealed that the mean duration of each potential drop (pd, indicating an intracellular puncture) was substantially longer for MED than MEAM1 on cabbage, indicating that the exposure to the toxic hydrolysates of glucosinolate and myrosinase is greater for MED than for MEAM1. We therefore conclude that differences in penetrating behaviors may help explain the different effects of cabbage on MEAM1 and MED whitefly species.

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Performance and competitive displacement of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED cryptic species on different host plants

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Outbreaks of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean species in vegetable crops in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil

Outbreaks of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean species in vegetable crops in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil

Assessing whitefly diversity to infer about begomovirus dynamics in cassava in Brazil

Feeding behavior explains the different effects of cabbage on MEAM1 and MED cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci

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