Performance and blood plasma amino acid and urea concentrations in growing pigs given diets of cereals and groundnut meal and supplemented with graded amounts of L-lysine

Braude, R.; Fulford, Rosemary J.; Mitchell, K. G.; Myres, A. W.; Porter, John W.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(74)90068-2

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Zimmerman and Scott ( 1965 ) reported that dietary lysine deficiency resulted in increased plasma concentrations of some AAs, notably isoleucine, threonine and valine in chicks. Braude et al ( 1974 ) performed a research trial with growing pigs fed diets based on cereals and groundnut meal and supplemented with graded amounts of lysine. They found that the concentration of lysine in blood plasma increased linearly over a wide range of lysine content, but the concentrations of most other AAs, however, were largely unaffected.…”

Section: Physiological Functions Of Lysinementioning

confidence: 99%

Lysine nutrition in swine and the related monogastric animals: muscle protein biosynthesis and beyond

2015

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Improving feed efficiency of pigs with dietary application of amino acids (AAs) is becoming increasingly important because this practice can not only secure the plasma AA supply for muscle growth but also protect the environment from nitrogen discharge with feces and urine. Lysine, the first limiting AA in typical swine diets, is a substrate for generating body proteins, peptides, and non-peptide molecules, while excess lysine is catabolized as an energy source. From a regulatory standpoint, lysine is at the top level in controlling AA metabolism, and lysine can also affect the metabolism of other nutrients. The effect of lysine on hormone production and activities is reflected by the change of plasma concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1. Lysine residues in peptides are important sites for protein post-translational modification involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. An inborn error of a cationic AA transporter in humans can lead to a lysinuric protein intolerance condition. Dietary deficiency of lysine will impair animal immunity and elevate animal susceptibility to infectious diseases. Because lysine deficiency has negative impact on animal health and growth performance and it appears that dietary lysine is non-toxic even at a high dose of supplementation, nutritional emphasis should be put on lysine supplementation to avoid its deficiency rather than toxicity. Improvement of muscle growth of monogastric animals such as pigs via dietary lysine supply may be due to a greater increase in protein synthesis rather than a decrease in protein degradation. Nevertheless, the underlying metabolic and molecular mechanisms regarding lysine effect on muscle protein accretion merits further clarification. Future research undertaken to fully elucidate the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of lysine nutrition could provide a sound scientific foundation necessary for developing novel nutritional strategies to enhance the muscle growth and development of meat animals.

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Section: Physiological Functions Of Lysinementioning

confidence: 99%

Lysine nutrition in swine and the related monogastric animals: muscle protein biosynthesis and beyond

2015

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“…Therefore, theoretically, PUN concentrations are expected to be minimized and NR to be maximized in animals fed a dietary concentration of the first-limiting amino acid close to the requirement. Braude et al (1974) reported maximum NR and minimum PUN concentrations at the same dietary lysine concentration when using both criteria to assess the requirement in growing pigs. In contrast, Balogun and Fetuga (1981) obtained a slightly greater estimate of the methionine requirement of weanling pigs by using PUN than by using NR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion to estimate the lysine requirements of growing and lactating pigs

Coma

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Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Relationship of plasma urea N with lean tissue growth Variation in the plasma urea N response to dietary lysine Implications Literature Cited CHAPTER 5. INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF FEED INTAKE AND STAGE OF GROWTH ON THE LYSINE REQUIREMENT OF PIGS Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Implications Literature Cited CHAPTER 6. LYSINE REQUIREMENT OF THE LACTATING SOW DETERMINED BY USING PLASMA UREA NITROGEN AS A RAPID RESPONSE CRITERION Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Preliminary experiment Main experiment Implications Literature Cited 126 CHAPTER 7. GENERAL SUMMARY 136 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 139 APPENDIX. EQUATIONS TO ESTIMATE BODY COMPOSITION 140 accurately estimate the dietary lysine required to maximize total N utilization in pigs at a specific BW. In addition, the two-slope broken-line regression model had the highest R^ and lowest MSE when compared with three other models as means for estimating lysine requirement from PUN concentrations.

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“…First of all, besides being responsible for digestion of proteins and absorption of small peptides and AAs, animal gastrointestinal tract plays important roles in the synthesis, conversion and catabolism of AAs, which significantly affects the proportion of the absorbed AAs before being transported to the blood stream. Although the portal-drained viscera (intestines, pancreas, spleen, stomach) represents only about 5-7% of body mass, these tissues disproportionately account for 20-35% of whole-body protein synthesis, which means that the splanchnic tissues metabolize about 20-50% of dietary essential AAs (leucine, lysine, phenylalanine) in the first-pass (32,33). With low-protein diets, this extraction of AAs can be as high as 70% of lysine intake (32).…”

Section: The Roles Of Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small intestinal bacteria also synthesize proteins from the luminal free AAs (37). Those free AAs that pass from the terminal ileum into the large intestine of pigs are catabolized by large intestinal microbial fermentation and lost with feces because large intestinal absorption of free AAs is very limited and only occurs during early postnatal development (33).…”

Section: Relationship Between Plasma Amino Acid Concentration and Diementioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostatic regulation of plasma amino acid concentrations

Liao

Regmi

2018

Front Biosci

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One major goal of nutrition is to maximize the rate of muscle protein gain via provision of amino acids (AAs) through blood plasma. Comparing the plasma AA concentrations with the growth performance data can help to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms regulating plasma AA homeostasis, nutrient utilization, and intracellular protein turnover. Knowledge about the homeostatic regulation of plasma AA profile can aid in predicting dietary AA availabilities, the order of limiting AAs, and the whole body protein metabolism. Lysine, for example, is typically the first limiting AA in practical swine diets; however, our current knowledge is insufficient to draw a clear conclusion about the complex relationship between dietary lysine supply and plasma AA profiles. Thorough understanding of the effect of dietary AA supply on plasma AA profiles can help nutritionists to develop novel nutritional strategies to guide and improve dietary AA supplies. Further research is needed to study how different levels of dietary AAs, individually or in concert, affect the plasma concentrations of all AAs and related metabolites.

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Performance and blood plasma amino acid and urea concentrations in growing pigs given diets of cereals and groundnut meal and supplemented with graded amounts of L-lysine

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Lysine nutrition in swine and the related monogastric animals: muscle protein biosynthesis and beyond

Lysine nutrition in swine and the related monogastric animals: muscle protein biosynthesis and beyond

Use of plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion to estimate the lysine requirements of growing and lactating pigs

Homeostatic regulation of plasma amino acid concentrations

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