2019
DOI: 10.3390/s19133020
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Performance Analysis of Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: The time synchronization protocol is indispensable in various applications of wireless sensor networks, such as scheduling, monitoring, and tracking. Numerous protocols and algorithms have been proposed in recent decades, and many of them provide micro-scale resolutions. However, designing and implementing a time synchronization protocol in a practical wireless network is very challenging compared to implementation in a wired network; this is because its performance can be deteriorated significantly by many fa… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…The data usage used by transmitting an offset is less or at least not greater than for transmitting the clock. Using a reference (the lowest ID node in the neighborhood in our case) can also improve the synchronization speed with respect to a peer-to-peer gradient time synchronization setup [41].…”
Section: Frame-based Synchronizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The data usage used by transmitting an offset is less or at least not greater than for transmitting the clock. Using a reference (the lowest ID node in the neighborhood in our case) can also improve the synchronization speed with respect to a peer-to-peer gradient time synchronization setup [41].…”
Section: Frame-based Synchronizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The performances of CDAs for different clock relation models are evaluated using simulated data for comparative fairness. As discussed by Phan et al [ 66 ], different data collection strategies yield different results, which may favor some models. The fairness in CDA comparison strategies is important, and a reliable result can only be achieved by using the same data for the purpose [ 67 ].…”
Section: Clock Discipline Algorithmsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, these solutions are not always desirable or applicable due to the energy constraints or due to the required level of the time synchronization accuracy. In multi-hop networks, frequent estimation of the clock skew may also degrade the performance as elaborated on by Phan et al [ 66 ]. This problem can be avoided by changing the time duration between the clock skew estimate updates.…”
Section: Clock Discipline Algorithmsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The repetition of this process results in the time synchronization among all the nodes. However, if the nodes are deployed in a large area, the number of rounds required in achieving the synchronization increases sharply [ 19 , 20 ]. Moreover, as the number of nodes in a network increases, some nodes may malfunction due to hardware or software failure, which deteriorates the performance of time synchronization.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%