Performance analysis of the micro gas turbine Turbec T100 with a new FLOX-combustion system for low calorific fuels

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t sA new FLOX-combustion system has been successfully tested in a micro gas turbine. The operating performance of the Turbec T100 with LCV fuels was characterized. Reliable start-up and steady-state operation from 50 to 100 kW el was observed. Low emissions over the whole operating range: CO < 30 ppm, NO x < 6 ppm, UHCs < 1 ppm . The pressure drop across the combustion system was below 4%. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 551°C 583°C 604°C 631°C 655°C 655°C 655°C 656°C 651°C CIT=605°C 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.3 8.5 7.8 8.7 CO NOx UHC emissions (ppm at 15 Vol.-% O 2 ) turbine speed (%) l =9.2 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 electrical power output P el (kW) turbine speed (%) hel with product gases and FLOX combustion system hel with natural gas and Turbec combustion system Pel with product gases and FLOX combustion system Pelwith natural gas and Turbec combustion system 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 electrical efficiency h el (%) a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the first combustion system, which has been designed for the use of biomass derived product gases in micro gas turbines. The operating performance of the combustion system and of the micro gas turbine Turbec T100 was analyzed experimentally with synthetically mixed fuel compositions. Reliable start-up procedures and steady-state operation were observed. The Turbec T100 reached an electrical power output of 50 to 100 kW el with a lower heating value of 5.0 MJ/kg. Compared to natural gas, the electrical power output was noticeably higher at constant turbine speeds. Therefore, operation was limited by the power electronic at low speeds, while a second limitation was compressor surging at high speeds. To avoid surging, the turbine outlet temperature had to be reduced at turbine speeds between 64,400 rpm and its maximum of 70,000 rpm. The pressure losses across the FLOX-combustion chamber remained below 4%, which corresponds to a reduction of 30% compared to the Turbec combustion chamber fired with natural gas. Low pollutant emissions, i.e. CO < 30 ppm, NO x < 6 ppm and unburnt hydrocarbons <1 ppm, were obtained over the whole operating range. Further optimization potential of the Turbec T100 was analyzed numerically. Neglecting compressor surging and the limitations of the power electronic, the numerical simulations predicted a maximum power output of 137 kW el . The ability of the micro gas turbine to run with low calorific fuels is demonstrated and optimization potential is specified.

Experimental Investigation of Cycle Properties, Noise, and Air Pollutant Emissions of an APS3200 Auxiliary Power Unit

“…Therefore, the carbon mole fraction of the exhaust gas can be compared with the fuel carbon mole fraction. Previous analysis of other gas turbine rigs have shown that the carbon balance approach gives very reliable exhaust gas mass flows [13]. The carbon balance equation was formed using the carbon mole fraction of C 12 H 23 , as the Jet A-1 surrogate (x f = 12 mol C/mol Kerosene), and the mole fraction of carbon in the exhaust gas (x ex = mol C/mol Exhaust Gas), as shown in Eqn.…”

Simulation of producer gas flameless combustion with fresh reactant diluted by hot flue gas

“…Although increasing reactant dilution level results in lowering the combustion temperature, a higher dilution level is more beneficial to fully oxidizing air/fuel mixture and reduction of NO concentrations . To examine this effect, the molar fraction of CO and NO were selected to represent the outlet product concentrations for the present study, as shown in Figures and for CO and NO, respectively.…”

“…Several combustion techniques have been proposed to handle these problems, such as porous media and cyclone combustion system . A few investigations on PG flameless combustion can be found in literatures . Integration of flameless combustion with PG will be an outstanding achievement for reducing emissions and dependence on fossil fuels in the combined heat and power generation system.…”

Swirl flow field analysis of producer gas premixed charge in a flameless cyclone combustor

“…8 Combustion process operated under lean-fuel conditions with combustion air at 650°C. The combustor was designed to provide intensive combustion product recirculation to achieve internal dilution and preheat the fresh reactants.…”

“…Another PG flameless combustor known as flameless oxidation burner was tested with a microgas turbine. 8 Combustion process operated under lean-fuel conditions with combustion air at 650°C. The result shows that although the heating value of PG decreased from 5 to 3.5 MJ/kg, the gas turbine achieved stable operation with constant efficiency.…”