Performance analysis of quantum key distribution based on air-water channel

Zhou, Yuanyuan; Zhou, Xuejun

doi:10.1007/s11801-015-5004-3

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the considered scenario, if the QBER threshold is relaxed to 25%, UQKD can reach 107 m, with SKGR of 45 kbps. In [78], the authors analyze the QKD performance through the air-water interface. The effects of the photon incident angles to the air-water interface is considered, and performance bounds in different types of water types are evaluated.…”

Section: Shi Et Al Investigate the Scattering And Absorption Properti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A tutorial on Underwater Quantum Key distribution

Paglierani¹,

Raouf²,

Pelekanakis³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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<p>The growing importance of Underwater Networks (UNs) in mission-critical activities at sea enforces the need for secure Underwater Communications (UCs). Classical encryption techniques can be used to achieve secure data exchange in UNs. However, the advent of Quantum Computing will pose threats to classical cryptography, thus challenging also UCs. Currently, underwater crypto-systems mostly adopt symmetric ciphers, which are considered computationally quantum-robust, but pose the challenge of distributing the secret key upfront. A promising approach to overcome the key distribution problem is based on Post-Quantum Public-Key (PQPK) protocols. The security of PQPK protocols, however, only relies on the assumed computational complexity of some underlying mathematical problems. Moreover, the use of resource hungry PQPK algorithms in resource-constrained environments such as UNs can require non-trivial hardware/software optimization efforts. An alternative approach is underwater Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which promises unconditional security built upon the physical principles of Quantum Mechanics. This tutorial provides a basic introduction to free-space Underwater QKD (UQKD). At first, the basic concepts of QKD are presented, based on a fully worked out QKD example. A thorough state-of-the-art analysis of UQKD is carried out. The paper subsequently provides a theoretical analysis of the QKD performance through free-space underwater channels, and its dependence on the key optical parameters of the system and seawater. Finally, open challenges, points of strength and perspectives of UQKD are identified and discussed.</p>

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Section: Shi Et Al Investigate the Scattering And Absorption Properti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A tutorial on Underwater Quantum Key distribution

Paglierani¹,

Raouf²,

Pelekanakis³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the considered scenario, if the QBER threshold is relaxed to 25%, UQKD can reach 107 m, with SKGR of 45 kbps. In [100], the authors analyze the QKD performance through the air-water interface. The effects of the photon incident angles to the air-water interface is considered, and performance bounds in different types of water types are evaluated.…”

Section: A Simulation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Primer to Underwater Quantum Key Distribution

Paglierani,

Fahim Raouf,

Pelekanakis

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>The growing importance of Underwater Networks (UNs) in mission-critical activities at sea enforces the need for secure Underwater Communications (UCs). Classical encryption techniques can be used to achieve secure data exchange in UNs. However, the advent of Quantum Computing will pose threats to classical cryptography, thus challenging also UCs. Currently, underwater crypto-systems mostly adopt symmetric ciphers, which are considered computationally quantum-robust, but pose the challenge of distributing the secret key upfront. Post-Quantum Public-Key (PQPK) protocols promise to overcome the key distribution problem. The security of PQPK protocols, however, only relies on the assumed computational complexity of some underlying mathematical problems. Moreover, the use of resource hungry PQPK algorithms in resource-constrained environments such as UNs can require non-trivial hardware/software optimization efforts. An alternative approach is underwater Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which promises unconditional security built upon the physical principles of Quantum Mechanics. This tutorial provides a basic introduction to free-space Underwater QKD (UQKD). At first, the basic concepts of QKD are presented, based on a fully worked out QKD example. A thorough state-of-the-art analysis of UQKD is carried out. The paper subsequently provides a theoretical analysis of the QKD performance through free-space underwater channels, and its dependence on the key optical parameters of the system and seawater. Finally, open challenges, points of strength and perspectives of UQKD are identified and discussed.</p>

show abstract

“…In the considered scenario, if the QBER threshold is relaxed to 25%, UQKD can reach 107 m, with SKGR of 45 kbps. In [101], the authors analyze the QKD performance through the air-water interface. Te efects of the photon incident angles to the air-water interface are considered, and performance bounds in diferent types of water types are evaluated.…”

Section: Simulation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Primer on Underwater Quantum Key Distribution

Paglierani,

Fahim Raouf,

Pelekanakis

et al. 2023

Quantum Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing importance of underwater networks (UNs) in mission-critical activities at sea enforces the need for secure underwater communications (UCs). Classical encryption techniques can be used to achieve secure data exchange in UNs. However, the advent of quantum computing will pose threats to classical cryptography, thus challenging UCs. Currently, underwater cryptosystems mostly adopt symmetric ciphers, which are considered computationally quantum robust but pose the challenge of distributing the secret key upfront. Post-quantum public-key (PQPK) protocols promise to overcome the key distribution problem. The security of PQPK protocols, however, only relies on the assumed computational complexity of some underlying mathematical problems. Moreover, the use of resource-hungry PQPK algorithms in resource-constrained environments such as UNs can require nontrivial hardware/software optimization efforts. An alternative approach is underwater quantum key distribution (QKD), which promises unconditional security built upon the physical principles of quantum mechanics (QM). This tutorial provides a basic introduction to free-space underwater QKD (UQKD). At first, the basic concepts of QKD are presented, based on a fully worked out QKD example. A thorough state-of-the-art analysis of UQKD is carried out. The paper subsequently provides a theoretical analysis of the QKD performance through free-space underwater channels and its dependence on the key optical parameters of the system and seawater. Finally, open challenges, points of strength, and perspectives of UQKD are identified and discussed.

show abstract

Performance analysis of quantum key distribution based on air-water channel

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

A tutorial on Underwater Quantum Key distribution

A tutorial on Underwater Quantum Key distribution

A Primer to Underwater Quantum Key Distribution

A Primer on Underwater Quantum Key Distribution

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