Performance analysis of multilayer flame-retardant fabric ensembles for different exposure conditions using numerical modeling

Rajput, Bhavna; Mahesh, Nandyala; Rathour, Rochak; Das, Tathagata; Ray, Bahni; Das, Apurba; Talukdar, Prabal

doi:10.1080/00405000.2022.2156717

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The hazards could arise from one or a combination of more than one of the following elements: a poisonous fume, a toxic chemical, steam, hot liquid biological heat, etc. [1][2][3][4][5]. The environment prevailing in a firefighting situation depends on heat flux and ambient temperature from moderate to severe situations and the firefighting clothing is made of multilayered woven and nonwoven fabrics, depending on their purpose [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Outer Layer Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

Rathour,

Maurya,

Das

et al. 2024

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyse the protection performance of fire-protective clothing. Various exposures to the same fabric in different configurations result in different protection performances. Box-Behnken experiment design was used to optimize the process parameters such as pick density (P), heat flux (Q), and air gap (D). Through surface methodology response, the relationship among the process parameters such as pick density (P), heat flux (Q), and air gap (D) was established. The experimental multi-parametric equation for calculating the radiant protection time (RT) and flame protection time (FT) was acquired. The fabric used was developed with 2/40 Ne Nomex IIIA yarns. The pick density (P) ranged from 40 to 64 picks per inch, heat flux (Q) ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 cal/cm2/sec, and air gap (D) ranged from 0 to 25 mm. To experimentally determine the level of protection, Stoll criteria were used. The experimental and predicted protection time values show a high correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.985 for radiant and 0.978 for flame). The maximum improvement in protection was obtained at a high level of air gap (25 mm), low level of heat flux (0.5 cal/cm2/sec) and low level of pick density (40 picks per inch). Obtained results, calculations and equations will help researchers explore the empirical equation of the Box-Behnken model and other surface response curves. The values of protection time, in the specified range of the process parameters, by a single calculation could be possible to obtain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Outer Layer Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

Rathour,

Maurya,

Das

et al. 2024

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“…Moreover, it has excellent protection capabilities against flash fires, and it can withstand its basic fire-retardant properties even after multiple washes. Apart from that, Nomex IIIA also shows extraordinary resistance towards various chemicals [12,13]. The outer layer of FPC is exposed to the initial impact of intense heat in fire situations, necessitating the adoption of fire-resistant materials in that area [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and Comfort Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

Islam,

Rathour,

Ibn Amin

et al. 2024

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The study examined the fire protection performance of several woven products. Given that the comfort and fire protection properties of fire protective clothing (FPC) are opposite, it is important to consider the specific needs of firefighters when selecting the most suitable structure from various plain-woven derivatives, such as plain, basket, and ripstop. The yarn used was Nomex IIIA, which is a type of meta-aramid fibre. To achieve different thread densities, the pick density was adjusted while keeping the end density constant. The physical characteristics, thermal protective performance, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, water vapour transmission rate and air permeability of all samples were assessed according to the appropriate standards. The goal was to identify the weave structure with the highest performance and the most optimal thread density. The basket weave structure was proposed as a fire protective clothing (FPC) having comfort qualities at a moderate level. Furthermore, increased density provided enhanced fire resistance, however, comfort must be sacrificed. Thus, to achieve a balance between fire protection and comfort, it was recommended to choose a thread density that is of an average level and the suggestion made by this research is to use the fabric as a basket weave design with an ends per inch of approximately 42, it is recommended to retain the pick density within the range of 46 with 44 tex Nomex IIIA yarn. The results of this study may be replicated in other designs using Nomex IIIA and comparable types of cloth and weave specifications.

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