Performance analysis of MRR FSO communication system under Gamma–Gamma​ turbulence channel with pointing error

Saghir, Basel Mounir El; Mashade, Mohamed B. El; Aboshosha, Ashraf

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2021.126891

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hence, the channel coefficients of the forward path and the backward path are written as h f = h a1 h p , h b = h a2 , where h a1 and h a2 are the channel coefficients due to atmospheric turbulence, and h p is the channel coefficient caused by the pointing error. Therefore, the PDF of instantaneous SNR for the FSO uplink is expressed as [32]:…”

Section: Fso Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel System of Mixed RF/FSO UAV Communication Based on MRR and RIS by Adopting Hybrid Modulation

et al. 2022

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In this paper, we propose a mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system, based on modulating retro-reflector (MRR) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which adopts the hybrid L-ary pulse position modulation-binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation (L-PPM-BPSK-SIM). More specifically, the RF channel follows Rayleigh distribution, while the FSO channel obeys Gamma–Gamma distribution that considers atmospheric turbulence and pointing error. For decode-and-forward (DF) relay, the MRR is installed on the UAV to reduce its weight, size, and power consumption. In particular, the RIS is used as user terminal along with the RF signal generator to achieve signal enhancement. Based on this, closed expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate (BER) and average channel capacity of the end-to-end uplink and downlink are derived. Numerical results confirm that while the relay limitation is solved by MRR, RIS significantly reduces the outage probability and average BER as well as obviously increases the average channel capacity. Furthermore, the hybrid L-PPM-BPSK-SIM with average symbol length greater than eight can effectively improve the average BER performance of the system.

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Section: Fso Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel System of Mixed RF/FSO UAV Communication Based on MRR and RIS by Adopting Hybrid Modulation

et al. 2022

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“…Free-space optical communication (FSOC) has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, strong resistance to radio frequency interference, and high security, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers in this field. However, because the laser beam is easily affected by factors such as atmospheric turbulence [1,2], foggy weather [3][4][5][6][7][8], and pointing errors [9][10][11] in outdoor transmission, the transmission distance of outdoor FSOC is severely limited. Many mitigation techniques have been proposed to combat the degradation of signal quality, such as adaptive optics [12][13][14], spatial diversity [15,16], and aperture averaging [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop FSOC over Gamma-Gamma Turbulence and Random Fog with Generalized Pointing Errors

Chang,

Liu,

Yao

et al. 2023

Photonics

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The multi-hop amplify-and-forward free-space optical communication (FSOC) system is studied in random fog using the I-function, considering Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence and Beckmann pointing error. Outage probability, average bit error rate and average ergodic channel capacity are obtained. Channel-state-information assisted relay performs better than fixed-gain relay under high transmitted power. Increasing the hop number significantly improves the performance. More hops are needed in medium fog than in light fog to achieve the same performance. In addition, on a single-hop link, the influence of fog channel on system performance is dominant, while atmospheric turbulence intensity, normalized jitter standard deviation and normalized boresight error have little effect on the system performance. However, on a multi-hop link, atmospheric turbulence intensity, normalized jitter standard deviation and normalized boresight error have serious effects on system performance. Compared with correcting the normalized boresight error, compensating the normalized jitter standard deviation greatly improves the multi-hop FSOC system performance. Furthermore, optimizing beam width can further improves the performance. To ensure good communication, the system should select a low-order modulation scheme.

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“…In fact, all previous works merely focused on characterizing the effect of atmospheric turbulence [15]- [21], and the misalignments in the forward link (i.e. from the transmitter to the MRR) [22], [23], without considering the misalignments in the retro-reflected link when the MRR is installed on a hovering drone. Furthermore, from the experimental aspect, the recent experiment in [14] only concentrated on the achievable data rate and bit-error rate (BER).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Channel Statistics of Drone-to-Ground Retro-Reflected FSO Links With Fine-Tracking Systems

Trinh¹,

Carrasco‐Casado

Okura

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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The utilization of drones as flying base stations (BSs) in the sixth-generation (6G) cellular networks has attracted much attention recently. In this context, free-space optical (FSO) systems could be deployed to provide high-capacity fronthaul/backhaul links between drones and ground BSs. Particularly, a drone-to-ground FSO communication link can be established by equipping the drone with a modulating retro-reflector (MRR) to modulate the incoming optical beam and reflect the modulated beam back along the same path. This helps to alleviate stringent pointing requirements from the drone while satisfying the limited size, weight, and power (SWaP) consumption requirements. Nevertheless, the underlying physical channel effects of this aerial retro-reflected FSO system have never been experimentally explored in the literature. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the experimental channel statistics of a drone-to-ground retroreflected FSO link, offering practical insights into the angle-of-arrival (AoA) fluctuations at the receiver, the channel coherence time, the probability of fade, the level crossing rate, the average fade duration, and the time-frequency channel characteristics. Our results are expected to serve as practical sources of reference for the theoretical performance analyses and engineering designs of drone-based retro-reflected FSO systems.INDEX TERMS Free-space optics (FSO), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), aerial fronthaul/backhaul links, drone hovering, fine-tracking systems.

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Performance analysis of MRR FSO communication system under Gamma–Gamma turbulence channel with pointing error

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

A Novel System of Mixed RF/FSO UAV Communication Based on MRR and RIS by Adopting Hybrid Modulation

A Novel System of Mixed RF/FSO UAV Communication Based on MRR and RIS by Adopting Hybrid Modulation

Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop FSOC over Gamma-Gamma Turbulence and Random Fog with Generalized Pointing Errors

Experimental Channel Statistics of Drone-to-Ground Retro-Reflected FSO Links With Fine-Tracking Systems

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Performance analysis of MRR FSO communication system under Gamma–Gamma​ turbulence channel with pointing error

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

A Novel System of Mixed RF/FSO UAV Communication Based on MRR and RIS by Adopting Hybrid Modulation

A Novel System of Mixed RF/FSO UAV Communication Based on MRR and RIS by Adopting Hybrid Modulation

Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop FSOC over Gamma-Gamma Turbulence and Random Fog with Generalized Pointing Errors

Experimental Channel Statistics of Drone-to-Ground Retro-Reflected FSO Links With Fine-Tracking Systems

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Performance analysis of MRR FSO communication system under Gamma–Gamma turbulence channel with pointing error