Performance Analysis of DWDM System with Optical Amplifiers in Cascade Considering the Effect of Crosstalk

Abstract

In this paper, an analytical approach is presented to evaluate the performance of DWDM system with intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) due to the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of optical amplifier, optical receiver noises and crosstalk. And a system has been proposed with an optimum number of amplifiers with higher gain and an improved optical receiver has been proposed. We have investigated the effects of optical amplifiers and optical receiver in the presence of crosstalk on the overall performance; in particular, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance of a DWDM system. The system performances are evaluated for varying different amplifier gains, number of optical amplifiers, hop length, number of hops, receiver bandwidth and receiver gain considering the relationship between crosstalk and the number of wavelengths channel spacing. It is found that, the performance is highly degraded due to crosstalk and noises. As a result the system suffers significant power penalty at a given BER.

Development of Microcontroller Based Smart Grid Framework

“…The use of a DC-DC boost converter to step up the DC voltage and higher-rated DC-AC inverters is an alternative design. When MRG systems are implemented, the AC bus voltage and frequency are synced to the AC bus of the local power grids the energy management of the local power grid controls frequency [38][39][40][41][42]. However, once MRG systems are disconnected from the local power grid, MRG's energy management system must maintain control over the MRG AC bus voltage and frequency to ensure stable operation.…”