Performance analysis of a satellite–multi-terrestrial relay network with hardware impairments using switch-and-stay combining scheme

Future wireless networks will be required to provide more wireless services at higher data rates and with global coverage. However, existing homogeneous wireless networks, such as cellular and satellite networks, may not be able to meet such requirements individually, especially in remote terrain, including seas and mountains. One possible solution is to use diversified wireless networks that can exploit the inter-connectivity between satellites, aerial base stations (BSs), and terrestrial BSs over inter-connected space, ground, and aerial networks. Hence, enabling wireless communication in one integrated network has attracted both the industry and the research fraternities. In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of the most recent work on hybrid satellite–terrestrial networks (HSTNs), focusing on system architecture, performance analysis, design optimization, and secure communication schemes for different cooperative and cognitive HSTN network architectures. Different key technologies are compared. Based on this comparison, several open issues for future research are discussed.

Section: Cooperative Hstnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Satellite–Terrestrial Networks toward 6G: Key Technologies and Open Issues

Tirmizi

Chen

Lakshminarayana

et al. 2022

“…In [ 7 ], the authors proposed the energy-efficient optimal power allocation schemes in the cognitive satellite-terrestrial networks for non-real-time and real-time applications and maximized the energy efficiency of the cognitive satellite user. In [ 8 ], the OP was studied for the multiple terrestrial STRN with the switch-and-stay combining scheme in the presence of HIs. In [ 9 ], the authors studied the OP of the STRN in the presence of multi-antenna multiple users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Performance of Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks with Channel Estimation Error and Hardware Impairments

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2018

Self Cite

This paper investigates the joint impact of channel estimation errors (CEEs) and hardware impairments (HIs) on the performance of a cognitive satellite-terrestrial relay network (CSTRN), where the terrestrial and satellite links are considered following Rayleigh fading and shadowed Rician (SR) fading distributions, respectively. Besides, the terrestrial relay is working in half-duplex decode-and-forward (DF) mode. By employing a general and practical model to account for both the CEEs and HIs at each link, the end-to-end signal-to-noise-plus-distortion-and-error ratio (SNDER) is first obtained for the CSTRN. Then, closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP) and throughput of the CSTRN are obtained, which allows us to demonstrate the aggregate impact of CEEs and HIs. In order to gain insightful findings, we further elaborate on the asymptotic OP and throughput at the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) condition and quantitatively determine the fundamental performance ceiling. Finally, Monte Carlo (MC) computer simulations are provided to verify the correctness of the analytical results. Besides, with representative numerical analysis’s help, interesting findings are presented.

“…In [ 40 ], the authors studied the OP for the considered networks by means of relay selection scheme without direct link in HIs environment. In [ 41 ], the OP was studied for the multiple terrestrial HSTCN with a switch-and-stay combining scheme in the presence of HIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Two-Way Satellite Multi-Terrestrial Relay Networks with Hardware Impairments

Guo

Zhang

2018

Self Cite

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a two-way hybrid satellite multi-terrestrial cooperative network with hardware impairments (HIs). Particularly, opportunistic relay selection scheme is employed in the considered network, which can substantially enhance the spectral efficiency and spatial diversity gain. By considering both the amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay protocols, the closed-form expressions of the outage probability (OP) and throughput for the system are derived. Furthermore, in order to observe the effects of HIs level and the number of terrestrial relays on the system performance at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the asymptotic expressions of the system performance are also derived. Finally, computer results are presented to reveal the correctness of the analytical results.