Performance analysis of a 10-MW wind farm in a hot and dusty desert environment. Part 2: Combined dust and high-temperature effects on the operation of wind turbines

Al-Khayat, Mohammad; Al-Rasheedi, Majed; Gueymard, Christian A.; Haupt, Sue Ellen; Kosović, Branko; Al-Qattan, Ayman; Lee, Jared A.

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101461

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Wind speeds are rst scaled based on the Martian and Earth atmospheric densities before being used as inputs for the power curve using a simple wind speed transformation to adapt power curves to different sites including highaltitude sites on Earth (Eqn. S1, [23]). So, for example, while a 10-m/s wind on Earth will produce 222 kW based on the power curve for a 330-kW turbine, a ~43-m/s wind is required to generate the same power on Mars.…”

Section: Calculation Of Wind Power Density and Turbine Speci C Power ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Assessment of wind energy resource potential for future human missions to Mars

et al. 2022

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Future crewed missions to Mars will require sustained sources of energy, including solar, nuclear and wind energy. Using a state-of-the-art Mars general circulation model, we analyze the Martian wind potential and calculate its spatial and temporal variability. Here we show that wind speeds at several proposed landing sites are su ciently fast to provide an alternative energy source, which could be particularly important at night, at middle to polar latitudes and during dust storms. Several regions show promising wind energy resource potential.These ndings demonstrate that wind energy represents a valuable energy resource that compensates for diurnal and seasonal reductions in solar power and offers an opportunity for wind turbine technological advancement and engineering creativity with the aim of extracting more power from Mars winds. Main TextFuture crewed missions to Mars will require surface habitats and scienti c instrumentation with sustained and redundant sources of energy.Site selection and risk assessment strategies must critically assess the available energy resources on both long-term and shorter diurnal and seasonal timescales. The driving principle behind site selection for human missions to Mars thus far has centered around physical resource allocation and, in particular, the surface or near-surface availability of water ice and the distribution of volcanic lava tubes that can serve as long term habitats. Mandates to "follow the water" and " nd shelter" direct attention to regions with evidence of surface liquid water as in recurring slope lineae in the Valles Marineris, Mawrth Vallis, and midlatitudes (1-3), close to large near-subsurface ice deposits as in the Northern Hemisphere polar and midlatitudes (4-8), or within large scale magma deposits such as along the Tharsis volcanic plateaus (9,10).However, regions of scienti c interest or with the greatest diversity of physical resources may not overlap with regions with the highest energy production potential. In particular, the very characteristics that make the current class of proposed landing sites or regions attractive, including their geology, theorized mineralogical history and availability of local resources, limit traditional energy resources. For example,

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Section: Calculation Of Wind Power Density and Turbine Speci C Power ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This elevated wind power occurs simultaneously with an approximate 50 W/m 2 global decrease in solar power due to high atmospheric dust opacity. The extent to which turbines remain e cient if dust accumulates during local storms requires additional study (23).…”

Section: Wind Power Varies Seasonally Diurnally and Due To Dust Stormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of wind energy resource potential for future human missions to Mars

et al. 2022

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“…To the best of our knowledge, no equivalent study has been conducted in the Americas. This dust impact on wind turbines can be either through dust accumulation on blade surfaces (Sagol et al., 2013) and/or impact in the equipment inside the nacelles (Al‐Khayat et al., 2021). The former perturbs the roughness lengths potentially disturbing the flow field and thereby reducing the power generation by the turbine (Sagol et al., 2013).…”

Section: Effects On Environmental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond

Tong

Gill

Sprigg

et al. 2023

Reviews of Geophysics

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Risks associated with dust hazards are often underappreciated, a gap between the knowledge pool and public awareness that can be costly for impacted communities. This study reviews the emission sources and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of airborne soil particles (dust) and their effects on human and environmental health and safety in the Pan‐American region. American dust originates from both local sources (western United States, northern Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina) and long‐range transport from Africa and Asia. Dust properties, as well as the trends and interactions with criteria air pollutants, are summarized. Human exposure to dust is associated with adverse health effects, including asthma, allergies, fungal infections, and premature death. In the Americas, a well‐documented and striking effect of soil dust is its association with Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley fever, an infection caused by inhalation of soil‐dwelling fungi unique to this region. Besides human health, dust affects environmental health through nutrients that increase phytoplankton biomass, contaminants that diminish water supply and affect food (crops/fruits/vegetables and ready‐to‐eat meat), spread crop and marine pathogens, cause Valley fever among domestic and wild animals, transport heavy metals, radionuclides and microplastics, and reduce solar and wind power generation. Dust is also a safety hazard to road transportation and aviation, in the southwestern US where blowing dust is one of the deadliest weather hazards. To mitigate the harmful effects, coordinated regional and international efforts are needed to enhance dust observations and prediction capabilities, soil conservation measures, and Valley fever and other disease surveillance.

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“…4 For example, wake-induced average power loss in large offshore wind farms is on the order of 10%-20% of the power of the wake non-affected turbines of the first row 5 and can become as large as 70% once the wind speed is less than the rated wind speed of the turbines and its direction is aligned to the column of turbines for tightly-spaced wind farm layouts. 3 The approaches adopted for the prediction of wake velocity can be classified within (i) experimental modeling, which includes field measurements [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and wind tunnel experiments, [12][13][14][15][16][17] (ii) analytical modeling, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and (iii) numerical modeling, [27][28][29][30] including the large eddy simulation (LES) method. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Experimental modeling based on full-scale wind turbines to even miniature-scale ones is only capable of providing some measurements for a limited range of parameters, such as pressure and velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approaches adopted for the prediction of wake velocity can be classified within (i) experimental modeling, which includes field measurements 5–11 and wind tunnel experiments, 12–17 (ii) analytical modeling, 18–26 and (iii) numerical modeling, 27–30 including the large eddy simulation (LES) method 31–37 . Experimental modeling based on full‐scale wind turbines to even miniature‐scale ones is only capable of providing some measurements for a limited range of parameters, such as pressure and velocity 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel 2D analytical model for predicting single and multiple‐interacting wakes of horizontal‐axis wind turbines

Ayoubi

Yazdi

Harsini

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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A 2D analytical model has been proposed for predicting the wind velocity distribution inside the wake by coupling the Jensen wake model and the Gaussian function using the conservation of mass and momentum. More realistic approaches were adopted in choosing the control volume and calculation of the wake initial radius at the formation and a new modified expression was employed for the wake turbulence intensity to be used for computation of the revised wake decay. Validation of the model was performed using a body of experimental and numerical data, where the model was thoroughly compared with five analytical models of the literature. The model was successful in predicting double-interacting wakes, and gave more accurate single wake velocity profiles at the far wake region, especially at downwind distances of x ≥ 7d t (d t is the rotor diameter), which are the economically-and power harvestingoptimized spacing between the turbines in wind farms.

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Performance analysis of a 10-MW wind farm in a hot and dusty desert environment. Part 2: Combined dust and high-temperature effects on the operation of wind turbines

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of wind energy resource potential for future human missions to Mars

Assessment of wind energy resource potential for future human missions to Mars

Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond

A novel 2D analytical model for predicting single and multiple‐interacting wakes of horizontal‐axis wind turbines

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