Perforation of multipolar electroanatomic mapping catheter in the left atrial appendage during left atrial mapping

Atrial appendage accessory pathway ablation: Tips for recognition and approach to ablation

“…Cardiac perforation involving the atrial appendage has been described involving various tools, including guide wires and even the splines of the PentaRay mapping catheter. 7 The left circumflex artery is also known to course near the base of the left atrial appendage along the left AV groove and may be externally compressed or injured during catheter ablation. 8 …”

Cardiac Tamponade During Catheter Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Life-Threatening Complication

“…Treatment of AF is complex and variable and depends on the intended objectives, as there are multiple modalities of treatments available, and often multiple modalities can be utilized simultaneously. Currently, available options are medical therapy, which can be medication strategies that result in rate control or pharmacological rhythm control in addition to medications to the prevention of complications such as stroke [ 5 ], electrical cardioversion cardiac electrophysiologic ablation procedures such as catheter and cryo-balloon ablations, a cardiac structural device to prevent strokes such as left atrial appendage (LAA) closure device and, in some cases, surgical interventions [ 7 ]. Elderly patients over 65 years old who have minimal symptoms are usually recommended to be treated with a rate control medication strategy as it has been demonstrated that this strategy results in improved symptoms and decreased hospitalizations and is associated with less side effect profile or complications [ 8 , 9 ].…”

“…The most anti-arrhythmic drugs utilized to chemically cardiovert AF are class Ic and IIIc anti-arrhythmic medications. However, those anti-arrhythmic are associated with significant side effect profiles and poor tolerance [ 7 ].…”