Perforation and lysis of fungal spores in natural soils

Old, K.M.; Wong, Joan N.F.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(76)90058-4

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…basicola by secreting the bridging polymers and subsequently enzymatically creating the perforations. Similar conclusions were reached by Old and Wong (1976). While the évidence is overwhelming that thèse minute perforations are caused by soil microbiota (Old and Patrick 1976), conclusive proof of pathogenicity and data on isolation of the responsible microbiota are still lacking.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Parasitism of spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus dimorphicum

Boyetchko

Tewari

2005

phyto

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Nous avons examiné des spores parasitées du Glomus dimorphicum. Les microscopies photonique et électronique ont révélé des perforations d'environ 0,25 à 1,0 µm de diamètre dans la paroi de la spore. La présence de papilles, réponse dynamique de l'hôte, suggère que le parasitisme se produit pendant que le champignon mycorhizien à vésicule et arbuscule est encore vivant. Aucune structure filamenteuse n'a été détectée dans les spores; cependant, des kystes d'organismes ressemblant à des amibes ont été trouvés dans les spores et ont aussi été observés en milieu gélose sur lequel ont été placées des spores du G. dimorphicum stérilisées en surface mais contenant de tels organismes. Il est postulé qu’un organisme ressemblant à une amibe était le parasite, puisque les perforations de la paroi de la spore étaient minuscules et qu'aucun champignon ou bactérie n'a été détecté dans les spores.Spores of Glomus dimorphicum were examined for parasitism. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed perforations, approximately 0.25 to 1.0 µm in diameter, in the spore wall. The presence of papillae, a dynamic host response, suggested that the parasitism occurred while the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was still alive. No filamentous structures were detected in the spores; however, cysts of amoeba-like organisms were found in the spores and were also observed on agar plates on which surface-sterilized spores of G. dimorphicum containing such organisms were placed. It is postulated that an amoeba-like organism was the parasite, since the perforations on the spore wall were minute and no bacteria or fungi were seen inside the spores

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Parasitism of spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus dimorphicum

Boyetchko

Tewari

2005

phyto

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“…Fungivory by soil amoebae has been documented for more than 50 years. However, the first reports were still a mystery: Old (1967) observed peculiar, round perforations in the walls of fungal spores which had been incubated in natural soils, but the true nature of the "perforating agent" remained unknown for several years (Old and Wong, 1976;Clough and Patrick, 1976). Finally, Old (1977) and shortly afterward Anderson and Patrick (1980) provided evidence that the perforations were caused by giant terrestrial amoebae.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Fungivory In Amoebaementioning

confidence: 99%

Fungivorous protists in the rhizosphere ofArabidopsis thaliana– Diversity, functions, and publicly available cultures for experimental exploration

Estermann,

Pereira Bassiaridis,

Loos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the context of the soil food web, the transfer of plant-fixed energy and carbon to higher trophic levels has traditionally been attributed to two main energy channels: the fungal energy channel and the bacterial energy channel. Historically, protists were overlooked in the fungal energy channel, which was believed to be controlled by fungivorous microarthropods and nematodes. In this study, we investigated fungivorous protists in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings revealed a notable abundance and diversity of protists that have developed specialized strategies to overcome the protective cell wall of fungi. Among the identified species were two Vampyrellida (Rhizaria) species, namely Theratromyxa weberi and Platyreta germanica, as well as one Arcellinida (Amoebozoa) species, called Cryptodifflugia oviformis. While T. weberi typically consumed entire fungal cells, the other two species perforated fungal cell walls and extracted the cellular contents. We elucidate the feeding strategies and dietary ranges of the amoebae, highlighting the non-uniform nature of fungivory in protists, as different taxa have evolved distinct approaches to access fungi as a food source. Moreover, we provide publicly available cultures of these protists to facilitate further experimental investigations within the research community.

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“…Recently Old & Wong (1976) reviewed the work carried out on the perforation-lysis phenomenon. Only wild type conidia of C. satiuus are perforated in soil.…”

Section: P E R F O R a T I O N L Y S I Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many attempts have been made to discover the agents causing perforation of conidia, and Clough & Patrick (1976) had a similar lack of success in their work with T. basicola. As a result of direct observation of spores recovered from soil it was suggested that the small holes approximately the same diameter as bacterial cells could be the result of bacteria aligned end-on to the surface, penetrating the cell wall (Old & Wong, 1976). No convincing hypothesis could be put forward for the nature of the agent causing the holes and annular depressions 0.5-6-0 pm diameter.…”

Section: P E R F O R a T I O N L Y S I Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Perforation and lysis of fungal spores by soil amoebae

Old

1978

Annals of Applied Biology

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Perforation and lysis of fungal spores in natural soils

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Parasitism of spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus dimorphicum

Parasitism of spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus dimorphicum

Fungivorous protists in the rhizosphere ofArabidopsis thaliana– Diversity, functions, and publicly available cultures for experimental exploration

Perforation and lysis of fungal spores by soil amoebae

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