Perforated Peptic Ulcer During the Period of Heavy Air-Raids

Spicer, C. C.; Stewart, Diana; De, Dines; Winser, R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)42610-3

Cited by 61 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Family and job difficulties increased the risk of ulcer over five years in one sample of Israeli men 19. Major societal disasters, including German air raids in London and economic collapse in Sofia, have been associated with documented increases in acute ulcers 20 21. The ulcerogenic effects of stress have been shown to be robust enough to survive adjustment for behavioural and physical confounding factors 16 17 18…”

Section: Stress and Ulcers: The Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Stress and peptic ulcer: life beyond helicobacter

Levenstein¹

1998

BMJ

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The discovery that Helicobacter pylori is a cause of peptic ulcer has tempted many to conclude that psychological factors are unimportant. But this is dichotomised thinking. There is solid evidence that psychological stress triggers many ulcers and impairs response to treatment, while helicobacter is inadequate as a monocausal explanation as most infected people do not develop ulcers. Psychological stress probably functions most often as a cofactor with H pylori. It may act by stimulating the production of gastric acid or by promoting behaviour that causes a risk to health. Unravelling the aetiology of peptic ulcer will make an important contribution to the biopsychosocial model of disease. For this review of the role of psychological stress in the aetiology of peptic ulcer disease, I undertook conventional journal tracking and reference tracing, supplemented by Medline searches using Paperchase. The important keywords used in this search included peptic ulcer; duodenal ulcer—psychology; stress; life change events; and personality. Summary points Psychosomatic factors in the aetiology of peptic ulcer have become unfashionable since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori Most people harbour H pylori so the organism cannot serve as the sole explanation for ulcer disease Psychological stress has an impact on the onset and course of ulcer disease Psychological stress probably interacts with H pylori and other risk factors in causing ulcer disease Peptic ulcer is an important example of the biopsychosocial model of disease

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Section: Stress and Ulcers: The Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Stress and peptic ulcer: life beyond helicobacter

Levenstein¹

1998

BMJ

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“…Davies and Wilson (1937) found that patients with peptic ulcers had a significant excess of preceding stressful events compared with a control sample of hernia patients; a statistically significant rise was reported in the number of perforations in the London area about the time of the blitz (Spicer, Stewart, and Winser, 1944). Rosenman et al, (1970) developed a technique for measuring an individual's reaction to stress; in a follow-up study they observed a significantly increased rate of coronary heart disease associated with a behaviour pattern that was independent of other risk factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relationship between month of birth and month of death in the elderly.

Alderson¹

1975

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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SDH Alderson, M. (1975). British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 29,[151][152][153][154][155][156]ship between month of birth and month of death in the elderly. A special analysis of mortality data for England and Wales for 1972 has been used to examine the relationship between month of birth and month of death. For persons 75 and over in eight subgroups (by sex and marital status) there was a consistent trend in deaths with an excess in the birth month and the following three months. This excess was of the order of only I % ofall deaths in the year but statistically significant for each subgroup. The method of analysis was adjusted for the nonsynchronous monthly variation in births and deaths, but a systematic error in recording the month of birth could not be excluded. A wide range of studies on the relationship between stress, morbidity, and mortality are briefly reviewed; it is suggested that in the elderly a birthday may in some subtle way influence the general morale of an individual. Further studies have been planned to test whether 'birthday stress' is a realistic explanation, or if a number of other hypotheses need to be invoked.Ten years ago when involved in a World Health Organization study of the cause of adult mortality, the author was impressed by the frequency with which elderly adults appeared to have died in the month or two following the month of their birth. Though a number of subtle factors have been associated with variation in morbidity and mortality (see discussion) there appears to be no clearly documented relationship between month of birth and month of death of adults. This study set out to examine this issue, using national mortality data. METHOD A special analysis was obtained from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys of the mortality data for England and Wales for 1972, tabulating month of birth and month of death, for both sexes under four categories of marital status (single, married, widowed, and other). The intention was to examine material for the elderly, and tables were prepared for persons aged 65 to 74, and 75 and over.The number of births varies from month to month throughout the year, but in any given year there are more deaths in the winter months. To remove the effect of season on numbers of births and numbers of deaths, the counts of deaths were aggregated for each of the 12 tabulated months of birth by month of death centred around birth month. This provided a distribution of deaths occurring from the fifth month before the birth month up to the sixth month after the birth month. It was then possible to examine the distribution of observed deaths and the variation between the observed and expected number of deaths month by month. RESULTSThere were 261 226 deaths of persons aged 75 and over; but the month of birth was not known for 6162 (2 3 %) of them, so these were excluded from the analysis.

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“…világháború áldoza-taival kapcsolatos adatokkal, főleg a londoni rakétatáma-dások után, gyorsan felismerte, hogy itt valójában "stresszfekélyekről" van szó [8]. Ezt az akkor megjelenő klinikai esetek statisztikai értékelésével bizonyította [35,36,37], például a rakétatámadások után, egy-két nap alatt nagyon megnőtt a fekélybetegek száma, és a londoni kórházakba perforált gyomor-vagy nyombélfekély miatt felvett betegek száma megsokszorozódott (4. ábra). Ezekből a közleményekből az is kitűnik, hogy a fekélyek többsége akut szövődmény volt [35,36,37].…”

Section: Az Emberi Stresszfekélyekunclassified

A szteroidok elnevezése, felosztása és az emberi stresszfekélyek. Selye János 70 éve megjelent történelmi jelentőségű cikkei

Szabó

Gyires

2015

Orvosi Hetilap

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Selye János (Hans Selye) nevét főleg a biológiai stresszreakcióval kapcsolatban ismerik világszerte, és még szakmai körökben is kevesen tudják, hogy Selye sok más felfedezést is tett: Selyét a szteroidok a stresszreakció miatt foglalkoztatták, hiszen tudta, hogy az adaptációs folyamatban a mellékvesekéreg hormonjai kulcsszerepet játszanak. Selye állí-totta fel körülbelül 70 éve a szteroidok máig is ismert csoportosítását három tény alapján: a) a csoportnevek a szteroidokat termelő szervektől származnak (például a kortikoidok a mellékvesekéreg 'cortex'-ből, a tesztoid/anabolikus szteroidok a tesztiszből); b) logikus molekulaszerkezeti képleteken alapultak (például az összes kortikoid 21 szénato-mos pregnanszármazék); c) élettani hatásuk csoporton belül azonos. Külön hangsúlyozzuk, hogy a glükokortikoid és mineralokortikoid neveket is Selye vezette be a tudományos irodalomban, és ő fedezte fel ezek gátló hatását a gyulladás kialakulására állatmodellekben, körülbelül 8-10 évvel korábban, mint ezek klinikai alkalmazásáért egy gyakorló orvos megkapta a Nobel-díjat. Selye másik nagy, mintegy 70 éves felfedezése az emberi stresszfekélyek felismerése az akkor megjelenő klinikai esetek statisztikai értékelése alapján, például a rakétatámadások után, egy-két nap alatt nagyon megnőtt a fekélybetegek száma, és a londoni kórházakba perforált gyomor-vagy nyombélfekély miatt felvett betegek száma megsokszorozódott a második világháború alatt. Részben Selye-diákok és munkatársai kutatási eredményeiből tudjuk, hogy a dopamin nyombélfekély-kialakulás ellen véd, míg a TRH-nak és endogén opioidoknak centrális gasztroprotektív hatása van. Tehát Selye János sokkal többet tett az orvostudományért és gyakorlatért, mint "csak" a stressz felfedezője. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(35), 1406-1414.Kulcsszavak: stressz, szteroidok, glükokortikoidok, gyulladás, stresszfekély, gyomor-és nyombélfekély, ciszteamin, dopamin, TRH, β-endorfi n On the naming and classifi cation of steroids as well as on human stress ulcers Historic articles of Hans Selye 70 years agoThe name of Hans Selye is mostly known worldwide as the discoverer of stress reaction. Yet, he made numerous other seminal and clinically relevant discoveries. Namely, since he had a focused research on steroid hormones originating from the adrenal cortex that play a crucial role in stress response, he was the fi rst who introduced about 70 years ago the fi rst classifi cation of steroids that is still valid nowadays. This is based on three objective facts: (a) the names of steroid groups are identical with their organ of origin (e.g., corticoids from the adrenal cortex, testoids/ androgens from the testis); (b) chemical structures of the steroids are identical within a group (e.g., all corticoids have pregnane nucleus with 21 carbon atoms); and (c) the biological effects are homogenous within a group (e.g., all glucocorticoids exert catabolic effect, while androgens are anabolic). It should be emphasized that Selye also discovered in animal models the pro-infl ammmatory effect of mineralocorti...

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Perforated Peptic Ulcer During the Period of Heavy Air-Raids

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Stress and peptic ulcer: life beyond helicobacter

Stress and peptic ulcer: life beyond helicobacter

Relationship between month of birth and month of death in the elderly.

A szteroidok elnevezése, felosztása és az emberi stresszfekélyek. Selye János 70 éve megjelent történelmi jelentőségű cikkei

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