Perfluoropropane Gas as a Magnetic Resonance Lung Imaging Contrast Agent in Humans

Halaweish, Ahmed F.; Moon, Richard E.; Foster, W. Michael; Soher, Brian J.; McAdams, H. Page; MacFall, James R.; Ainslie, Maureen; MacIntyre, Neil R.; Charles, H. Cecil

doi:10.1378/chest.12-2597

Cited by 76 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…80 Other potential agents include oxygen, Carbon-13 and perflouropropane. 81 In addition to the use of inhaled gases, there may be a role for conventional (proton) MRI in evaluation of emphysema. [82][83][84][85] Advances in MRI imaging of the lung can result in visualization of low-proton areas of emphysema in at least 50% of cases.…”

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Imaging COPD, 2004 - 2014

Lynch¹

2014

J COPD F

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Abbreviations: computed tomography, CT; magnetic resonance imaging, MRI; positron emission tomography, PET; Global Initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, GOLD; quantitative CT, QCT; Hounsfield Units, HU; percentage of low attenuation area, %LAA; relative area of lung less than -950 HU, RA950; Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints, ECLIPSE; forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV1; forced vital capacity, FVC. Journal of the COPD Foundation(GOLD) stage may have substantial, little, or no emphysema. Discrete subphenotypes of COPD include emphysema of varying morphologic appearance, large airway abnormality and small airway obstruction. Increasing awareness of the heterogeneity of COPD has led to increased use of CT to characterize COPD for purposes of genetic evaluation and identification of specific subgroups which may be amenable to therapeutic trials. 1-3 While visual assessment is important in determining the presence and character of emphysema, the last decade has been characterized by increasing use of quantitative imaging to provide precise estimates of the severity and distribution of emphysema, gas trapping and airway wall thickening. Several large cohorts of cigarette smokers have now been quite extensively characterized by CT, resulting in increased knowledge of the clinical correlates of quantitative CT parameters. [4][5][6] The purpose of this paper is to present the substantial contribution that imaging has made to our understanding of COPD over the past 10 years. AbstractComputed tomography (CT) has contributed substantially to our understanding of COPD over the past decade. Visual and quantitative assessments of CT in COPD are complementary. Visual assessment should provide assessment of centrilobular, panlobular and paraseptal emphysema, airway wall thickening, bronchiectasis, findings of respiratory bronchiolitis, and enlargement of the pulmonary artery. Quantitative CT permits evaluation of severity of emphysema, airway wall thickening, and expiratory air trapping, and is now being used for longitudinal evaluation of the progression of COPD. Innovative techniques are being developed to use CT to characterize the pattern of emphysema and smoking-related respiratory bronchiolitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography PET-CT are useful research tools in the evaluation of COPD.

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Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Imaging COPD, 2004 - 2014

Lynch¹

2014

J COPD F

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“…For these reasons, currently 3 He MRI is most commonly used in research even though the global quantities of 3 He are very limited and expensive. Although experience with 129 Xe and 19 F is still limited, 128,129 these inhaled gas MRI methods provide the strongest translational potential because of the relative abundance and low cost of these gases. Notwithstanding these challenges, recent acute therapy studies in COPD post-salbutamol 130 and post-COPD exacerbation therapy requiring hospitalization 131 show the potential for inhaled gas MRI ventilation defect measurements to represent the subtle (post-exacerbation) and not so subtle (post-salbutamol) ventilation improvements after therapy.…”

Section: Pulmonary Mri Measurements Of Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary CT and MRI phenotypes that help explain chronic pulmonary obstruction disease pathophysiology and outcomes

Hoffman

Lynch

Barr

et al. 2015

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Pulmonary X-ray computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research and development has been motivated, in part, by the quest to sub-phenotype common chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For thoracic CT and MRI, the main COPD research tools, disease biomarkers are being validated that go beyond anatomy and structure to include pulmonary functional measurements such as regional ventilation, perfusion and inflammation. In addition, there has also been a drive to improve spatial and contrast resolution while at the same time reducing or eliminating radiation exposure. Therefore, this review focuses on our evolving understanding of patient-relevant and clinically-important COPD endpoints and how current and emerging MRI and CT tools and measurements may be exploited for their identification, quantification and utilization. Since reviews of the imaging physics of pulmonary CT and MRI and reviews of other COPD imaging methods were previously published and well-summarized, we focus on the current clinical challenges in COPD and the potential of newly emerging MR and CT imaging measurements to address them. Here we summarize MRI and CT imaging methods and their clinical translation for generating reproducible and sensitive measurements of COPD related to pulmonary ventilation and perfusion as well as parenchyma morphology. The key clinical problems in COPD provide an important framework in which pulmonary imaging needs to rapidly move in order to address the staggering burden, costs as well as the mortality and morbidity associated with COPD.

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“…1 Therefore, 19 F MRI has attracted considerable attention in recent years. It has been widely used in disease diagnosis, 2 therapy evaluation, 3 tracking targets of interest, 4 monitoring biological reactions 5 and probing local pH or pO 2 6 etc. Our interest lies in 19 F MRI-guided drug therapy 7 by taking the advantage of its absence of endogenous signal, 100%…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dendron 15 was prepared from alcohol 14 by following the general procedure for transforming alcohol into bromide with extended reaction time (24 h) and excess amount of PBr 3 (5 equivalent) as a white powder with an 85% yield. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 1.95-2.21 (m, 30H), 2.74-3.0 (m, 30H), 3.38 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (s, 48H), 3.63 (m, 28H), 7.47-7.61 (m, 30H), 7.65-7.76 (m, 15H); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 31 3,. 32.0, 32.1, 33.8, 54.3, 65.6, 65.7, 122.4 (q, J = 287.0 Hz), 125.9, 126.4, 129.3, 129.7, 130.2, 142.9, 143.1; 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ -73.92, -73.89.Dendrimer 1.A mixture of bromide 15 (4.9 g, 0.7 mmol), 1.l.l-tris(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethane 4 (63.8 mg, 0.2 mmol), anhydrous K 2 CO 3 (115.1 mg, 0.8 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (16.5 mg, 0.06 mmol) in dry acetone (100 mL) was refluxed under an atmosphere of argon for 48 h. After the mixture was cooled toPage 16 of 19 ACS Paragon Plus Environment The Journal of Organic Chemistry…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Fluorinated Dendrimers for Sensitive ¹⁹F MRI

Yang

et al. 2015

J. Org. Chem.

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To achieve high sensitivity for (19)F MRI, a class of novel dendritic molecules with multiple pseudosymmetrical fluorines was designed and efficiently synthesized. Through iterative bromination and Williamson ether synthesis under mild conditions, a fluorinated dendrimer with 540 pseudosymmetrical fluorines was conveniently prepared without performing the group protection in a convergent way. The dendrimer is characterized by a strong (19)F NMR peak and short relaxation times. Eventually, an appreciably enhanced (19)F MRI at an extremely low concentration (18.5 μM) was achieved, which demonstrated the potential utility of such dendritic molecules in highly sensitive (19)F MRI.

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Perfluoropropane Gas as a Magnetic Resonance Lung Imaging Contrast Agent in Humans

Cited by 76 publications

References 37 publications

Progress in Imaging COPD, 2004 - 2014

Progress in Imaging COPD, 2004 - 2014

Pulmonary CT and MRI phenotypes that help explain chronic pulmonary obstruction disease pathophysiology and outcomes

Design and Synthesis of Fluorinated Dendrimers for Sensitive ¹⁹F MRI

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Perfluoropropane Gas as a Magnetic Resonance Lung Imaging Contrast Agent in Humans

Cited by 76 publications

References 37 publications

Progress in Imaging COPD, 2004 - 2014

Progress in Imaging COPD, 2004 - 2014

Pulmonary CT and MRI phenotypes that help explain chronic pulmonary obstruction disease pathophysiology and outcomes

Design and Synthesis of Fluorinated Dendrimers for Sensitive 19F MRI

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Design and Synthesis of Fluorinated Dendrimers for Sensitive ¹⁹F MRI