Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Concentrations in Surface Water in Japan

Saito, Norimitsu; Harada, Kouji H.; Inoue, Kazuhiro; Sasaki, Kyuro; T, Yoshinaga; Koizumi, Akio

doi:10.1539/joh.46.49

Cited by 245 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Harada et al 26) indicated that serum levels of PFOS and PFOA were significantly higher among subjects who had lived in the Kinki region for at least two years than other subjects. Another report also showed contamination of river water by these PFCs discharged from facilities such as a public water disposal site and an airport in the Kinki region 38) . Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in tap water were more than five times higher in the Kinki region than in the Tohoku region 38) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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PFOA, with medians being highest in the Tokai/Hokuriku/ Kinki region. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the concentrations of PFOS in blood were mainly associated with fish consumption and that the levels of PFOS and PFOA were associated with the serum levels of liver enzymes in Japanese populations. Further investigations are required to clarify the reason for the regional differences in blood levels of PFOS and PFOA in Japan. (J Occup Health 2013; 55: 184−194) Key words: Blood, Fish intake, Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), Serum liver enzymes Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are man-made chemical substances containing C-C and C-F bonds. PFCs are extremely resistant to degradation, and accumulate in the environment. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two of the main PFCs. PFOS and PFOA have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. PFOS bioaccumulates in animal tissues through the food web 1) , and exposure to PFOA occurs in part through drinking water and beverages 2) . The geometric mean elimination half-lives of PFOS and PFOA from human serum are approximately 4.8 and 3.5 years, respectively 3) . Recently, it has been reported that PFOS and PFOA have toxic effects on wildlife and humans. The toxicity includes neurobehavioral defects 4) , hepatotoxicity 5) , immune toxicity and carcinogenicity 6) . A reduction in human exposure to PFCs has been reported following the phasing-out of perfluorosulfonyl-based compounds and the Environmental Protection Agency's program The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors associated with the blood levels of PFOS and PFOA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 307 men and 301 women (aged 16−76 years) living in 15 prefectures in Japan. Blood levels of PFOS and PFOA were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hepatic enzymes (γ -GTP, GOT, and GPT) and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) levels in serum were also measured. Associations between the levels of PFOS and PFOA in blood and the intake frequency of 41 kinds of dishes, foods and beverages and the serum levels of liver enzymes and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined using rank correlations. Results: Frequency of intake of boiled fish in broth, sliced raw fish and coastal fish showed significant positive correlations with PFOS concentrations in blood after adjustments for potential confounders. Serum levels of GOT, GPT, DHA and EPA showed significant positive correlations with PFOS and PFOA in blood. There was also a significant regional difference in the blood levels of PFOS and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Previously several exposure routes have been suggested to play an important role in the exposure to PFOA and PFOS; drinking water Saito et al 2004), airborne dust (Harada et al 2005a), and house dust (Moriwaki et al 2003). One report also showed that a high fish consumption group had 2.6-fold higher serum levels of PFOS to the reference population (Falandysz et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Trends in Human Serum Levels of Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Shenyang, China

Jin

Saito

Harada

et al. 2007

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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111

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“…This is contrary to most other studies where raised PFOS or PFOA concentrations are normally associated with a point source of contamination. Saito et al (2004) monitored the widespread occurrence of PFOS and PFOA at 78 sites in Japanese rivers and tributaries. The range of PFOS and PFOA concentrations detected was 0.24-37.3 ng l −1 and 0.10-456 ng l −1 , respectively.…”

Section: (C) United States Of Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctane sulphonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in drinking and environmental waters

Rumsby

McLaughlin

Hall

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are chemicals that have been used for many years as surfactants in a variety of industrial and consumer products. Owing to their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) characteristics, PFOS has been phased out by its principal producer and the use of PFOA has been reduced. This PBT potential and a number of pollution incidents have led in recent years to an increase in studies surveying the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in environmental waters worldwide. This paper reviews the results of these studies, as well as the monitoring that was conducted after the pollution incidents. The results of surveys suggest that PFOS and PFOA are found in environmental waters worldwide at low levels. In general, these levels are below health-based values set by international authoritative bodies for drinking water. There have been limited measurements of these chemicals in drinking water, but again these are below health-based values, except in some cases following pollution incidents. Monitoring studies suggested that where PFOS and PFOA were detected, they were at similar levels in both source and drinking water, suggesting that drinking water treatment does not remove these chemicals. However, new data show that PFOS and PFOA are effectively removed by granular activated carbon absorbers in practice. Further research is required on the newer perfluorinated chemicals that appear to be safer, but their degradation products have not as yet been fully studied.

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Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Concentrations in Surface Water in Japan

Cited by 245 publications

References 16 publications

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Historical Trends in Human Serum Levels of Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Shenyang, China

Perfluorooctane sulphonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in drinking and environmental waters

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