Perfluorohexanoic acid toxicity, part II: Application of human health toxicity value for risk characterization

Anderson, Janet K.; Luz, Anthony L.; Goodrum, Philip E.; Durda, Judi L.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.01.020

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The 6‐carbon carboxylate PFHxA has not been as well studied or as widely recognized as PFOS and PFOA, although enough human‐health–relevant toxicity data are available to suggest that the chemical is relatively nontoxic and of low risk to human health (Anderson et al 2019). For ecological receptors, ecotoxicity data are fewer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Surface Water Near US Air Force Bases: Prioritizing Individual Chemicals and Mixtures for Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment

East

Anderson

Salice

2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of persistent chemicals used for decades in industrial and commercial applications. A key challenge with regard to estimating potential risk to ecological (and human) receptors associated with PFAS exposure lies in the fact that there are many different PFAS compounds and several to many can co‐occur in any given environmental sample. We applied a data science approach to characterize and prioritize PFAS and PFAS mixtures from a large dataset of PFAS measurements in surface waters associated with US Air Force Installations with a history of the use of aqueous film‐forming foams (AFFFs). Several iterations of stakeholder feedback culminated in a few main points that advanced our understanding of a complex dataset and the larger ecotoxicological problem. First, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was often a dominant PFAS in a given surface water sample, frequently followed by perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS). Second, a 4‐chemical mixture generally accounted for >80% of the sum of all routinely reported PFAS in a sample, and the most representative 4‐chemical mixture was composed of PFOS, PFHxS, perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). We suggest that these results demonstrate the utility of formalized data science analysis and assessment frameworks to address complex ecotoxicological problems. Specifically, our example dataset results can be used to provide perspective on toxicity testing, ecological risk assessments, and field studies of PFAS in and around AFFF‐impacted sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:871–882. © 2020 SETAC

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Surface Water Near US Air Force Bases: Prioritizing Individual Chemicals and Mixtures for Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment

East

Anderson

Salice

2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Levels of PFAS in fish and seafood has, in turn, been generally reported in the range of a few to hundreds ppb (i.e., ng g À1 ), and has suggested, in fact, to be the primary non-occupational route of human exposure to PFAS (Domingo and Nadal, 2017;Fair et al, 2019). Moreover, studies by the Center Disease Control (CDC) reported detection of PFAS in as much as 98% of the U.S. population (Sunderland et al, 2019) with typical serum concentrations of a few ppb, but up to parts-permillion (ppm, i.e., mg L À1 ) among occupationally exposed individuals (Worley et al, 2017;Anderson et al, 2019). Notably, a recent study (Mamsen et al, 2019) found that PFAS can be transferred maternally via placenta to embryo and fetal tissues, reaching ppb levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative toxicometabolomics of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and next-generation perfluoroalkyl substances

Gebreab

Eeza

Bai

et al. 2020

Environmental Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Owing to environmental health concerns, a number of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been phased-out, and increasingly replaced by various chemical analogs. Most prominent among these replacements are numerous perfluoroether carboxylic acids (PFECA). Toxicity, and environmental health concerns associated with these next-generation PFAS, however, remains largely unstudied. The zebrafish embryo was employed, in the present study, as a toxicological model system to investigate toxicity of a representative sample of PFECA, alongside perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as one of the most widely used, and best studied, of the "legacy" PFAS. In addition, high-resolution magic angle spin (HRMAS) NMR was utilized for metabolic profiling of intact zebrafish embryos in order to characterize metabolic pathways associated with toxicity of PFAS. Acute embryotoxicity (i.e., lethality), along with impaired development, and variable effects on locomotory behavior, were observed for all PFAS in the zebrafish model. Median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) was significantly correlated with alkyl chain-length, and toxic concentrations were quantitatively similar to those reported previously for PFAS. Metabolic profiling of zebrafish embryos exposed to selected PFAS, specifically including PFOA and two representative PFECA (i.e., GenX and PFO3TDA), enabled elaboration of an integrated model of the metabolic pathways associated with toxicity of these representative PFAS. Alterations of metabolic profiles suggested targeting of hepatocytes (i.e., hepatotoxicity), as well as apparent modulation of neural metabolites, and moreover, were consistent with a previously proposed role of mitochondrial disruption and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR) activation as reflected by dysfunctions of carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and consistent with a previously proposed contribution of PFAS to metabolic syndrome. Taken together, it was generally concluded that toxicity of PFECA is quantitatively and qualitatively similar to PFOA, and these analogs, likewise, represent potential concerns as environmental toxicants.

show abstract

“… 34 Moreover, apart from the applied extraction method, disparities are highly expected between matrices such as serum, plasma, and whole blood. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), for example, is rather found in whole blood than in serum 35 , 36 since the substance shows minimal binding to serum proteins. 37 Therefore, these two factors—(1) sample preparation method and (2) sample matrix—need to be considered while comparing EOF levels between studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extractable Organofluorine Analysis in Pooled Human Serum and Placental Tissue Samples from an Austrian Subpopulation—A Mass Balance Analysis Approach

Kaiser

Forsthuber

Aro

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Embryos and fetuses are of major concern due to their high vulnerability. Previous studies demonstrated that human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be underestimated because only a limited number of known PFAS can be measured. This investigation studied the total PFAS exposure by measuring the extractable organofluorine (EOF) in pooled maternal serum, placental tissue, and cord serum samples (total number of pooled samples: n = 45). The EOF was analyzed using combustion ion chromatography, and the concentrations of known PFAS were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer. Using a mass balance analysis approach, the amount of unknown PFAS was estimated between the levels of known PFAS and EOF. The EOF levels ranged from 2.85 to 7.17 ng F/mL (21 PFAS were quantified) in the maternal serum, from 1.02 to 1.85 ng F/g (23 PFAS were quantified) in the placental tissue, and from 1.2 to 2.10 ng F/mL (18 PFAS were quantified) in the cord serum. An average of 24, 51, and 9% of EOF is unidentified in the maternal serum, placental tissue, and cord serum, respectively. The results show that the levels of unidentified EOF are higher in the placental tissue, suggesting accumulation or potential transformation of precursors in the placenta.

show abstract

Perfluorohexanoic acid toxicity, part II: Application of human health toxicity value for risk characterization

Cited by 35 publications

References 62 publications

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Surface Water Near US Air Force Bases: Prioritizing Individual Chemicals and Mixtures for Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Surface Water Near US Air Force Bases: Prioritizing Individual Chemicals and Mixtures for Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment

Comparative toxicometabolomics of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and next-generation perfluoroalkyl substances

Extractable Organofluorine Analysis in Pooled Human Serum and Placental Tissue Samples from an Austrian Subpopulation—A Mass Balance Analysis Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About