Perfluorohexanoic acid toxicity, part I: Development of a chronic human health toxicity value for use in risk assessment

Luz, Anthony L.; Anderson, Janet K.; Goodrum, Philip E.; Durda, Judi L.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.01.019

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In component 1, the PFSAs (PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS), odd chained PFCAs (PFPeA, PFHpA, and PFNA), and PFHxA displayed strong associations and accounted for a large proportion of the variation within the data. Short-odd chain PFCAs (<C8) and PFHxA have been associated as impurities, degradants and metabolites of the short-chain fluorochemistries used to replace PFOA [4, 18, 62] Furthermore, in Australia, PFOS is still employed in approved uses and there are no current restrictions on PFHxS or PFBS [13]. The strong associations of these compounds and their contribution to the observed variation in influent data may reflect Australian PFAS usage trends and PFAS loading within specific WWTP catchments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in nineteen Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)

Coggan

Moodie

Kolobaric

et al. 2019

Heliyon

190

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Quantifying the emissions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is of high importance due to potential impacts on receiving aquatic ecosystems. The new Australian PFAS National Environmental Management Plan recommends 0.23 ng L −1 of PFOS as the guideline value for 99% species protection for aquatic systems. In this study, 21 PFAS from four classes were measured in WWTP solid and aqueous samples from 19 Australian WWTPs. The mean ∑ 21 PFAS was 110 ng L −1 (median: 80 ng L −1 ; range: 9.3–520 ng L −1 ) in aqueous samples and 34 ng g −1 dw (median: 12 ng g −1 dw; range: 2.0–130 ng g −1 dw) in WWTP solids. Similar to WWTPs worldwide, perfluorocarboxylic acids were generally higher in effluent, compared to influent. Partitioning to solids within WWTPs increased with increasing fluoroalkyl chain length from 0.05 to 1.22 log units. Many PFAS were highly correlated, and PCA analysis showed strong associations between two groups: odd chained PFCAs, PFHxA and PFSAs; and 6:2 FTS with daily inflow volume and the proportion of trade waste accepted by WWTPs (as % of typical dry inflow). The compounds PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA increased significantly between influent and final effluent. The compounds 6:2 FTS and 8:2 FTS were quantified and F–53B detected and reported in Australian WWTP matrices. The compound 6:2 FTS was an important contributor to PFAS emissions in the studied Australian WWTPs, supporting the need for future research on its sources (including precursor degradation), environmental fate and impact in Australian aquatic environments receiving WWTP effluent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in nineteen Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)

Coggan

Moodie

Kolobaric

et al. 2019

Heliyon

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Additional reasons for concern are reports of bioaccumulation of PFAS in humans and wildlife and increasing evidence linking environmentally relevant exposures to health effects. Both PFOS and PFOA have a substantial database of epidemiological, pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and mechanistic studies [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The chemical and thermal stability of a perfluoroalkyl moiety, and its hydrophobic and lipophobic nature, lead to its incorporation into surfactants, additives, and polymers by a variety of industries [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Male Reproductive Health: Do PFOA and PFOS Increase Risk for Male Infertility?

Tarapore

Ouyang

2021

IJERPH

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Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are manmade synthetic chemicals which have been in existence for over 70 years. Though they are currently being phased out, their persistence in the environment is widespread. There is increasing evidence linking PFAS exposure to health effects, an issue of concern since PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) bioaccumulate in humans, with a half-life of years. Many epidemiological studies suggest that, worldwide, semen quality has decreased over the past several decades. One of the most worrying effects of PFOS and PFOA is their associations with lower testosterone levels, similar to clinical observations in infertile men. This review thus focuses on PFOS/PFOA-associated effects on male reproductive health. The sources of PFAS in drinking water are listed. The current epidemiological studies linking increased exposure to PFAS with lowered testosterone and semen quality, and evidence from rodent studies supporting their function as endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system, exhibiting non-monotonic dose responses, are noted. Finally, their mechanisms of action and possible toxic effects on the Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells are discussed. Future research efforts must consider utilizing better human model systems for exposure, using more accurate PFAS exposure susceptibility windows, and improvements in statistical modeling of data to account for the endocrine disruptor properties of PFAS.

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“…It is well established that non-polymeric PFASs, like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoroctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), possess harmful effects on health and the environment [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Shorter homologues, like perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), are currently under study to better understand their environmental and human health effects [ 7 , 8 ], and it is likely that restriction proposals that were recently posted by some EU countries will come into force in the near future. On the other hand, polymeric PFASs are a potential source of non-polymeric PFASs and bioavailable small particles [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea/SWCNT Nanocomposites for Hydrophobic and Electrically Conductive Textile Coatings

Lacruz

Salvador²,

Blanco

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Waterborne polyurethane-urea dispersions (WPUD), which are based on 100% bio-based semi-crystalline polyester polyol and isophorone diisocyanate, have been successfully synthesized and doped with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to obtain a finishing agent that provides textiles with multifunctional properties. The chemical structure of WPUD has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermal properties have been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Mechanical properties have been studied by tensile stress–strain analysis. Moreover, the particle size, particle size distribution (PSD), and stability of developed waterborne dispersions have been assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Z-potential, and accelerated aging tests (analytical centrifugation). Subsequently, selected fabrics have been face-coated by the WPUD using knife coating method and their properties have been assessed by measuring water contact angle (WCA), water column, fabric stiffness, and air permeability. The electrical conductivity of textiles coated with SWCNT-doped WPUD has been evaluated by EN 1149 standard. Finally, the surface morphologies of uncoated and coated fabrics have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All of the synthesized polyurethane-ureas provide the coated substrates with remarkable water-repellency and water column, being therefore a more sustainable alternative to waterproof coatings based on fluoropolymers, such as PTFE. The additivation of the polymeric matrices with SWCNT has led to textile coatings with excellent electrical conductivity, maintaining water column properties, giving rise to multifunctional coatings that are highly demanded in protective workwear and technical textiles.

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Perfluorohexanoic acid toxicity, part I: Development of a chronic human health toxicity value for use in risk assessment

Cited by 50 publications

References 57 publications

An investigation into per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in nineteen Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)

An investigation into per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in nineteen Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)

Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Male Reproductive Health: Do PFOA and PFOS Increase Risk for Male Infertility?

Biobased Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea/SWCNT Nanocomposites for Hydrophobic and Electrically Conductive Textile Coatings

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